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(Neosar, Cytoxan) , - -.
: 2.5-3 \\ , 2 : 500-750\2 \
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D .
( ) . (), .

 

Methotrexate (Folex PFS, Rheumatrex) ; . , , , . .
7.5-25 \ 1
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; ; ; ; ( , , , ); .
; . etretinate ; , . , , , ( TMP-SMZ) . .
D .
, 1-3 ( , , , ). , , , , ; , ; .

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(Azulfidine, EN-tabs) , , . .
1-3 (g/d in divided doses)
<2 : . >2 : 40-60 \ , 3-6 ; 20-30 \ 2
; sulfa drugs - ; GU .
, , ; , .
B .
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(Aspirin-Free Anacin, FeverAll, Tempra, Tylenol) DOC , , , .
325-650 4-6 1000
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-, . HSV , 30-50 --.

Ribavirin (Rebetol, Virazole, Rebetron) HCV . . , -, .
<75 .: 2 X 200-mg cap AM and 3 X 200-mg cap PM PO 24-48 >75 : 3 X 200-mg cap AM and 3 X 200-mg cap PM PO 24-48
; ( major, ); CrCl <50 mL/min; , .
, , , simethicone ribavirin AUC ( )
X
; -2b- (-) as Rebetron combination therapy; suspend therapy in patients with signs and symptoms of pancreatitis and discontinue in patients with confirmed pancreatitis; perform CBC and differential WBC counts, platelet count, liver function, TSH, and pregnancy tests before beginning treatment and periodically thereafter

Drug Category: Antibiotics -- Therapy must cover all likely pathogens in the context of this clinical setting. Indications include Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and HCV infection.

Drug Name Pentamidine (Pentacarinat, Pentam-300, NebuPent) -- Inhibits growth of protozoa by blocking oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting incorporation of nucleic acids into RNA and DNA, causing inhibition of protein and phospholipid synthesis.
Adult Dose 4 mg/kg/d IV/IM qd for 10-14 d
Pediatric Dose Administer as in adults
Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity
Interactions Coadministration with cidofovir increases risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use of foscarnet may decrease serum calcium levels; risk of pancreatitis with zalcitabine may be additive; coadministration with other drugs that prolong QT interval (eg, dofetilide) increases risk
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Precautions Caution in diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hypotension, hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

 

Drug Name Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Septra, Cotrim, Bactrim) -- Inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. Antibacterial activity of TMP-SMZ includes common urinary tract pathogens, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Adult Dose 160 mg TMP/800 mg SMZ PO q12h for 10-14 d
Pediatric Dose <2 months: Do not administer >2 months: 10-20 mg TMP/kg/d PO/IV divided tid/qid for 14 d
Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity; megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency
Interactions May increase PT when used with warfarin (perform coagulation tests and adjust dose accordingly); coadministration with dapsone may increase blood levels of both drugs; coadministration of diuretics increases incidence of thrombocytopenia purpura in elderly; phenytoin levels may increase with coadministration; may potentiate effects of MTX in bone marrow depression; hypoglycemic response to sulfonylureas may increase with coadministration; may increase levels of zidovudine
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Precautions Discontinue at first appearance of skin rash or sign of adverse reaction; obtain CBC counts frequently; discontinue therapy if significant hematologic changes occur; goiter, diuresis, and hypoglycemia may occur with sulfonamides; prolonged IV infusions or high doses may cause bone marrow depression (if signs occur, administer 5-15 mg/d leucovorin); caution in folate deficiency (eg, persons with chronic alcoholism, elderly persons, those receiving anticonvulsant therapy, or those with malabsorption syndrome); hemolysis may occur in persons with G-6-PD deficiency; AIDS patients may not tolerate or respond to TMP-SMZ; caution in renal or hepatic impairment (perform urinalyses and renal function tests during therapy); administer fluids to prevent crystalluria and stone formation

 

  FOLLOW-UP Section 8 of 11
Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials Workup Treatment Medication Follow-up Miscellaneous Pictures Bibliography

 

Further Inpatient Care:

  • Individuals with viral arthritis are usually treated in an outpatient setting. Order physical therapy as indicated. Follow-up care may be conducted by family practitioners and rheumatologists. If the patient's condition proves refractory, appropriate specialists can be consulted.

Further Outpatient Care:

  • Patients can be seen by their family practitioners.

In/Out Patient Meds:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Acetaminophen

Deterrence/Prevention:

  • Vaccination
  • Safe sex
  • Clean food and drinking water
  • Education

Complications:

  • Rarely, viral infections cause damage to the joints.

Patient Education:

  • For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicine's Arthritis Center and Bacterial and Viral Infections Center.
  MISCELLANEOUS Section 9 of 11
Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials Workup Treatment Medication Follow-up Miscellaneous Pictures Bibliography

 

Medical/Legal Pitfalls:

  • Failure to diagnose septic arthritis: This can lead to permanent damage to the joint and medicolegal liability. If septic arthritis is considered in the differential diagnosis, obtaining a sample of joint fluid for culture is essential.
  • Failure to diagnose and appropriately treat cryoglobulinemic syndromes secondary to HCV infection (ie, with antiviral therapy)

 

 





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