, .
(Neosar, Cytoxan) , - -. | |
: 2.5-3 \\ , 2 : 500-750\2 \ | |
. | |
; | |
; - ; . ; ; ; ; , . | |
D . | |
( ) . (), . |
Methotrexate (Folex PFS, Rheumatrex) ; . , , , . . | |
7.5-25 \ 1 | |
5-15 \2 \ 3 12 | |
; ; ; ; ( , , , ); . | |
; . etretinate ; , . , , , ( TMP-SMZ) . . | |
D . | |
, 1-3 ( , , , ). , , , , ; , ; . |
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, .
(Azulfidine, EN-tabs) , , . . | |
1-3 (g/d in divided doses) | |
<2 : . >2 : 40-60 \ , 3-6 ; 20-30 \ 2 | |
; sulfa drugs - ; GU . | |
, , ; , . | |
B . | |
, , . |
. , , , , .
(Aspirin-Free Anacin, FeverAll, Tempra, Tylenol) DOC , , , . | |
325-650 4-6 1000 | |
<12 : 10-15 \ 4-6 prn; 2.6 >12 : 325-650 4 ; 5 24 | |
; -6- | |
; , , . | |
B . | |
, ; ; OTC . |
-, . HSV , 30-50 --.
Ribavirin (Rebetol, Virazole, Rebetron) HCV . . , -, . | |
<75 .: 2 X 200-mg cap AM and 3 X 200-mg cap PM PO 24-48 >75 : 3 X 200-mg cap AM and 3 X 200-mg cap PM PO 24-48 | |
; ( major, ); CrCl <50 mL/min; , . | |
, , , simethicone ribavirin AUC ( ) | |
X | |
; -2b- (-) as Rebetron combination therapy; suspend therapy in patients with signs and symptoms of pancreatitis and discontinue in patients with confirmed pancreatitis; perform CBC and differential WBC counts, platelet count, liver function, TSH, and pregnancy tests before beginning treatment and periodically thereafter |
Drug Category: Antibiotics -- Therapy must cover all likely pathogens in the context of this clinical setting. Indications include Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and HCV infection.
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Drug Name | Pentamidine (Pentacarinat, Pentam-300, NebuPent) -- Inhibits growth of protozoa by blocking oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting incorporation of nucleic acids into RNA and DNA, causing inhibition of protein and phospholipid synthesis. |
Adult Dose | 4 mg/kg/d IV/IM qd for 10-14 d |
Pediatric Dose | Administer as in adults |
Contraindications | Documented hypersensitivity |
Interactions | Coadministration with cidofovir increases risk of nephrotoxicity; concomitant use of foscarnet may decrease serum calcium levels; risk of pancreatitis with zalcitabine may be additive; coadministration with other drugs that prolong QT interval (eg, dofetilide) increases risk |
Pregnancy | C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established. |
Precautions | Caution in diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hypotension, hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia |
Drug Name | Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Septra, Cotrim, Bactrim) -- Inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. Antibacterial activity of TMP-SMZ includes common urinary tract pathogens, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
Adult Dose | 160 mg TMP/800 mg SMZ PO q12h for 10-14 d |
Pediatric Dose | <2 months: Do not administer >2 months: 10-20 mg TMP/kg/d PO/IV divided tid/qid for 14 d |
Contraindications | Documented hypersensitivity; megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency |
Interactions | May increase PT when used with warfarin (perform coagulation tests and adjust dose accordingly); coadministration with dapsone may increase blood levels of both drugs; coadministration of diuretics increases incidence of thrombocytopenia purpura in elderly; phenytoin levels may increase with coadministration; may potentiate effects of MTX in bone marrow depression; hypoglycemic response to sulfonylureas may increase with coadministration; may increase levels of zidovudine |
Pregnancy | C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established. |
Precautions | Discontinue at first appearance of skin rash or sign of adverse reaction; obtain CBC counts frequently; discontinue therapy if significant hematologic changes occur; goiter, diuresis, and hypoglycemia may occur with sulfonamides; prolonged IV infusions or high doses may cause bone marrow depression (if signs occur, administer 5-15 mg/d leucovorin); caution in folate deficiency (eg, persons with chronic alcoholism, elderly persons, those receiving anticonvulsant therapy, or those with malabsorption syndrome); hemolysis may occur in persons with G-6-PD deficiency; AIDS patients may not tolerate or respond to TMP-SMZ; caution in renal or hepatic impairment (perform urinalyses and renal function tests during therapy); administer fluids to prevent crystalluria and stone formation |
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FOLLOW-UP | Section 8 of 11 | |
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Further Inpatient Care:
- Individuals with viral arthritis are usually treated in an outpatient setting. Order physical therapy as indicated. Follow-up care may be conducted by family practitioners and rheumatologists. If the patient's condition proves refractory, appropriate specialists can be consulted.
Further Outpatient Care:
- Patients can be seen by their family practitioners.
In/Out Patient Meds:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Acetaminophen
Deterrence/Prevention:
- Vaccination
- Safe sex
- Clean food and drinking water
- Education
Complications:
- Rarely, viral infections cause damage to the joints.
Patient Education:
- For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicine's Arthritis Center and Bacterial and Viral Infections Center.
MISCELLANEOUS | Section 9 of 11 | |
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Medical/Legal Pitfalls:
- Failure to diagnose septic arthritis: This can lead to permanent damage to the joint and medicolegal liability. If septic arthritis is considered in the differential diagnosis, obtaining a sample of joint fluid for culture is essential.
- Failure to diagnose and appropriately treat cryoglobulinemic syndromes secondary to HCV infection (ie, with antiviral therapy)