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pecye, ee paccapaey ay, coe pa c op 1917 oa po y o oppeoox pecye K PCCP 1922 1926 oo o ocyapcex K KaCCP 1959 oa. B c c opeee pecyo cyepeea xoee pooe cooeco aece caocoeoo cyea cpae aac o a peoppoa yoooo aooaeca, o ce o ope c aa pecye, oop aepc pe 16 1997 oa ooo oooo oeca Pecy Kaaxca. Ho K Pecy Kaaxca a pecye oo y ay. B ocoy ee paccapaeo a ooe o pooo oe ocaeca x pecye, oop ae e cocae ac - oco ocyooo cpo eoacoc ocyapca.
o ocoa ocyooo cpo oaec ccea po, opeex peaepyx oecee ooe, ec oeo ocyooro paooo peypoa, oope opeec ocyx oex ocyapc a oe ocoooaae aaa paoo peaea oex occe ocyooo cpo. Oco ocyooo cpo oycoa ee ep oeceoo cpo, ocyapceo ac, op pae, ocyapceoo ycpoca, oecoo pea o cee oec pec ce coepae ocy aaex ee pa aoo. Oco ocyooo cpo Pecy Kaaxca opeee epo paee Kocy Pecy Kaaxca. O ape opy ocyapceo ac, pa eoea, eo paa coo ce eoc, opee apo, a ece co ocyapceo ac, opee pee cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca, ape p eca ocyapceo ac ee yoao paee ace a aooaey, coey cyey, pa eooecoe oecoe ooopae, pa pa opao aa ocyapcey acy coceoc, opee coooee ec Kocy pyx aoo x opao-paox ao, oepax po op eyapooro paa eyapox ooopo Coepae x pyx eoce, oxpaex ca epoo paea Kocy PK, pecae oco ocyooo cpo a eoey ac poooo oea paccapaex pecye.
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o eoacoc a opo ac poooo oea oaec cocoe aeoc eo ax epeco oc, oeca ocyapca o ypex ex ypo. eo a epeca ec cooyoc opeoce, yoeopee oopx aeo oeceae cyecoae oooc popeccoo pa oc, oeca ocyapca. K oco oea eoacoc, peeo paccapaeo pye pecye oocc: ocyo cpo, cyepee, oopoococooc eppopaa eococ ocyapca.
Kocyo cpo - o eoca ccea coao-paox ooe cyo, oea eyco pace ocyo ee, oopa ocoaa a cooyoc ocoooaax peyopo, coecyx apee oeceo pae paocoa cax, cpaex, yax paox ce ey eoeo, paac oeco ocyapco.
Cyepee - o epxoeco ocyapceo ac yp cpa ee eacoc o eeoeco cepe. Cyepee ec aeee coco caocoeoc eacoc a ocyapceo ac, a ocyapca eo.
Oopoococooc - cocoe ooecoo, oeoo, coao-paceoo oeaa, cocooe oece ay cyepeea ocyapca eo eppopao epocoeoc o aae e.
Teppopaa epocoeoc - ec eococ, eoyaeoc eppop Pecy Kaaxca epyoc ocyapcex pa - cyxoyx, ox oyx.
pee ocaeca cyae caocoe npao oo eoopx cocaax npecye. peeo ory oye, coepae ocyapcey ay, a ae pee, cee o oopx coca ocyapcey ay (c. 173 K)
Oea copoa o cex pecye po oco ocyooo cpo eoacoc ocyapca xapaepyec ec. Too c. 172, 173 174 K c oeo copo oy xapaepoac a ec, a eece. Kapoa coca paae ocyapceo a coca ypa oyeo, coepax ocyapcey ay, a ae p op epc aooaee cocpypoa a aepae, a ocae coca c opa, .e. pecye cac ooe c oea coepe ocax aoe ec, eaco o acye ax-o pex ocec.
Cyea copoa paccapaeo rpy pecye xpaepyec yeo opo , pe yce oe oo p. cee coca ae coca, a paaee ocyapceo a, oopoe oe coepeo a yeo, a o eocopooc, ypaa oyeo, coepax rocyapcey ay, oopo xapaepa oo eocopoa opa . B aepax cocaax o coae oeceo oac xapaep coepaex ec, pe oooc eeoc oeceo oacx ocec eae x acye, a opax - ocaoo ocoae o oeceo oacoo xapaepa coepaeoro ec ea eo coep. Heoope coca aece oaeoo paa cyeo copo a ceay e.Mo pecye a ocpy pa cyeo copo e aooaee oo coca ocaeca a ocyapceoo oeceoo ee (c. 167 K). o ec a ocyapcey y oecy eeoc oepeeo.
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Cyea pecye po oco ocyooo cpo eoacoc ocyapca oy eee a, oce 16-eeo opaca. Heoope pecye peoaa ae ceaoo cyea.
accpoa cey opao:
1) pecye, ocae a e eoacoc cyepee Pecy Kaaxca: (c. 165, 166 K);
2) pecye, ocae a oecy ccey Pecy Kaaxca: (c. 166-1 - 170 K);
3) pecye, ocae a eoacoc oopoococooc Pecy Kaaxca: epc (c. 171 K);
4) pecye, ocae a coxpaoc ocyapceo a: (c. 172, 173 K);
5) pecye, ocae a opo oeoa Boopyex C Pecy Kaaxca: (c. 174 K).
5)pecye, ocae a e eoacoc cyepee Pecy Kaaxca.
ocyapcea ea (c. 165 K)
Kocy Pecy Kaaxca ooc ocyapcey ey ooy cax x pecye Ta, ca 47 Kocy Pecy Kaaxca opeee, o pee ece oeceoc a ec, coepee p coe cox oaoce, oo cyae ocyapceo e oe a o opee o ooc apaeo. aoe ocoae cooyoc c py npa peopeeo eee aa ca peeo K.
Tpaoo, ocyapcea ea opeeec a paea eeoc paaa PK coeco c e poo Pecy Kaaxca ( ce oopx oe cya ocpaoe ocyapco ocpaa opaa, eye paeaeo-opy eeoc po pecy) po coeo coceoo ocyapca. o coeopaa opa coyac rpaaa Pecy Kaaxca pecaee ocpax ocyapc pecyex, apaex po ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecny Kaaxca. B ao cyae ocoa oacoc cxo e o ocpaoo ocyapca, a paa PK, oora eey poy eo paeo eeoc po PK, e ca ee coey ocyapcy, peae eo epec. B o aaec cy e.
Heocpecme oemo ocyapceo e ec e eoacoc cyepee Pecy Kaaxca cee o ocyapceo e aoo ec, a aroop c e axaa ac (ca 50 K KaCCP 1959 oa), ycpao oycayc pee eooc opeee oea pecye. Ocae oeo copo ocyapceo e cae 165 K 1997 oa ae ocoae opee ee oe eo a e eoacoc cyepee PK.
peem pecmyneu xapaepe oo yx op rocyapceo e - oaa a ocyapceo a. oaa o cee, cocae rocyapcey oey ay, o e cee, oope copac o aa ocpao pae oy cooa yep ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca, a a - oo cee, cocae ocyapcey ay.
Oemua cmopoa ocyapceo e xa-paepyec coepee ec, paex oo peycopex aoo op: 1) epexo a copoy paa o pe o oopyeoo oa; 2) oa; 3) aa ocyapceo a; 4) oe oaae oo ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opaa x npecae poee paeo eeoc po Pecy Kaaxca. ao ae cepa epee eecx e, oop pacpeoy ooa e oe, ce o oy coepe oo ye ax ec.
Ceye oe, o oo cocae ocyapceo e ocycye yaae a ae e, a eco a pay oa opac -a pa, apyex K KaCCP 1959 oa o cae 50-2,
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Ocoa ce cocaa ocyapceo e ax oeceo oacx e oycoe e, o ae yooo-paoe anpe cy poopee co cae 21 Kocy Pecy Kaaxca, oopa apapye pao a cooy epee op eca eca.
Paccop op ocyapceo e oeoc.
1. o epexoo a copoy paa o pe o oopyeoro oa oaec oaae paao Pecy Kaaxca oo oeoy poy epo o oopyeoo oa. a oeo copo ao op ocyapceo e eoxoo p paa: a) ocoa ocaoa epexoa a copoy paa - ocaoa o oopyeoo oa; ) cyee paaa Pecy Kaaxca oa c oe poo; ) e oaa - oaae oo oeoy poy.
Ka o eae aoa, ao epexo ooe oo oeoe pe oeo ocaoe, ,e. cya, oa o pa, oe po, epe oe. Pe, a opao, e e o poe oeco cce coa, a eo o oeo epee.
o oe peee ceye oa epo ey aec aao oex ec x aec ooae. Boopye o peoaae cya, oa e oeoe cooee c poo, apep, oopye o a ocyapceo pae.
o oao po oa coacoaoc paex ec oeoo poa paaa Pecy Kaaxca. Koa peoaae ycopo c. Coco aoo oara oy cae paoopae: ocyee a cyy epecy ap oepoae oppoa, paoa paeaex oecx opaax poa, yea paeaeo-epcox oax poa c e ocyece aee paeo eeoc po aeo ocyapca, ceae aa paa Pecy Kaaxca, ocyecx ooo-apoecy apacy eeoc, yace a copoe oeoo poa apaex oepax accox oex po poo acee, yace parpae ocyapceoo oo yeca a oypoao eppop .. Oo pao aoo oaa ec o, o paa PK ocyece aecy eeoc oy oeoo epe.
Ca epexo a copoy paa oe pac ocae eppop ae cpa nepexoe a eppop paecoro ocyapca (ec epexo) oaa coec aoy ocyapcy, eo opaa pecae a eppop ae cpa (eeya epexo). Oao, eaco o op eo poe oeceoc o cae 165 K ooa oo cyax, oa epexo coepe oaa oo paecoy ocyapcy. epexo a copoy paa oe ca c apyee ycaoeoo opa ece oeo cy: caa ocaee poy cpec ee o (c. 383 K), opooa caa e (c. 384 K). Coepee x pecye, xo yeo, o e e cococoa poy, e ory paccapac a rocyapcea ea apyc a oce pecye.
He opay ocyapcey ey ope epexoa a copoy paa ec paaa Pecy Kaaxca, oop cyae p oeoro poa c e pa a ye ea apoeco eeoc oy Pecy Kaaxca. pecyee caec ooe c oea epexoa a copoy paa.
2. oa aaec epeae, a pao cop, oxe xpae c e epea ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opaa x pecae cee, cocax ocyapcey oey ay, a ae epeae copa o aa ocpao pae x cee cnooa x yep ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca.
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oa apyec a ocyapcea ea o cae 165 K o cyae, ec o coepe rpaao Pecy Kaaxca. oa, coepe ocpa paao o e paaca, ec caocoe cocao pecye apyec o cae 166 K. Oea copoa ocyapceo e ope o-aa ooc oaae o ocae, coepaeec cae 166 K, ye paccopea p aae oo pecye.
3. Baa ocyapceo a aaec yeo cooe paao Pecy Kaaxca pecae ocpaoo ocyapca ocpao opaa cee, cocax ocyapcey ay.
Oea copoa o op ocyapceo e paaec ceye:
) ae y paaa Pecy Kaaxca cee coepax ocyapcey ay, o oea ooe aepe coep pecyee;
) epeaa x cee ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opaa x pecae.
Ka o, oo K aooae, c oo copo, cy pee aoo eecoo e, a c pyo - pacp apeca oye x cee
oe ocyapceo a opeeec aoe Pecy Kaaxca O ae rocyapcex cepeo Pecy Kaaxca o 19 ap 1993 oa.
Baa ocyapceo a oe ocyecc cocoo (yco ceo, epeae epe exece aa c, epeae epee, cxe, apa, ap, ao, ecyx oee, popo opao, peocaee oooc oaoc c cepe opye, pa, popa ..) a o coceo ae, a o peoe ocpao pae, a opooo, a o pye (ecy paa ca 36 K), a poe pe, a epo o.
B oe o oaa aa rocyapceo a coco cooe epeae cee, oop o pacoaae o cye paoe, ooy y eo e eoxooc copa oxa x Oac op ocyapceo e ae o peey pecye. p ae peeo pecye oy oo cee, cocae rocyapcey ay, a p oae cee, cocae oey ay, e e cee, oope oy cooa yep ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca.
Baa ocyapceo a paec ooe pecyee c oea, oa cee, cocae ocyapcey ay, ca ocoe ocpaoo ocyapca, ocpao opaa o x pecaee, p o e ee ae, acy Pecy Kaaxca pee ocec x yaoc peopa oyee a ocyapcey ey o ope ceye ca cya aepa paaa PK oe epea aox cee, cocax ocyapcey ay, a, oopx o ooo pae a pecaee ocpaoo ocyapca (apep, oeppaoy oea ao-ao eoacoc Pecy Kaaxca). Ka pao, oye peecy prooee ec (ycaoee oaa c pecae ocpaoo ocyapca, ooopeoc o ece ocoecax epea cee, coepax ocyapcey ay, xo co cee a eco epea .).
4. Ka o eae aoa, oe oaae oo ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opaa x pecae poee paeo eeoc po Pecy Kaaxca xapaepyec coepee paao PK pax e, apaex a oaae coec poee paeaeo o opo eeoc c e opa ocae ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca, ec o e oxaac py opa ocyapceo e. po ca, o ooeo e aa opa ocyapceo e paae cyoc e a aoo, a ce ocae op c, o cyecy, ee paooc, ee opeae.
Oaae oo cao c ycaoee oaa (c) paaa Pecy Kaaxca c pecae ocpaoo rocyapca eocyapceo opraa coepee o x aa pyx (poe ocyapceo e) pecye po oco ocyooo cpo eoacoc ocyapca e, e opayx pao yaax pecyne, o aocx yep ee eoacoc cyepeey PK.
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B epo cyae ec ooo apyc o cooyoc pecye: ocyapcea ea opeoe pecyee oro (ocaeco a ocyapceoo oeceoo ee, epc, oopye e ..) Heoxo-oc aa no cooyoc, a npao opee oee aop, aec e, o pecye, c opex cyax opa oaa oo ocpaoy ocyapcy poee paeo eeoc po Pecy Kaaxca, o e pe ceao peycope yooo aoe aece caocoex cocao pecye.
Bo opo cyae py e ooopae e ee cepaeo epe. Oe aao ec x apaeoc po ee eoacoc cyepeea Pecy Kaaxca. Kopeo o oe, apep, paac peocae yea aea ocpao pae, cae x a oyea, poyra a, cpeca epee, oca pao, o ce cao c ocyo rocyapce cepea, epoe aeyp ocpao cecy, oop ox ocpax app oe x aa ocpax cecy, e cax c peocaee oco opa.
B oe o epexoa a copoy paa, ea ope oaa oo ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opraa x pecae poee paeo eeoc po Pecy Kaaxca coepaec, a pao, poe pe. Ec ae ec coepac oeoe pe, o oo oaaec e oe c a rocyapco copoe.
pecyee caec ooe e c oea a coac a poeee paeo eeoc, a c oea aecoo oaa paao PK oo ocpaoy ocyapcy, ocpao opaa o x pecae ao eeoc..
pecae ocpaoo ocyapca ocpao opaa c x oae a (e paecex eea, copy oaecx pecaec, copy ocpax cecy, e ocpax eocyapcex opaa ..), a ae e a, oe x opye.
Cyeua cmopoa ocyapceo e xapaepyec oo np yco: paa PK coae, o coepae oo eecx e, peycopex cae 165 K, eae x coep. p o peceye ceay e opa ocae ee eoacoc cyepeea PK.
Mo eecx ec oy ca paoopa, o aa pecye o ae e e. Cy x oe yec oo p aae aaa.
Cyemo ocyapceo e oe oo paa Pecy Kaaxca, oc 16-eeo opaca. Baa ocyapceo a a opa ocyapceo e peoaae ae ceaoro cyea - a, oaaeo cee, coca ocyapcey ay, o cee coe pao. Coyaca e pecye, a eo: opaaopa, ocpeae ocoa (poe coe), oy ocpae paae a e paaca.
Ca 165 K coep peae, oopo aooae npeycapae ceaoe ocoae ocooe o yooo oeceoc , coepx ocyapcey ey. Cy o ecy pea, cye oe ocooe o yooo oeceoc a coepeoe pecyee oo p a yx yco.
Bo-epx, eoxoo, o o opoo coepee cooee rocyapce opaa opao cococoa peopae acye yepa epeca Pecy Kaaxca.
Bop ycoe ocooe o yrooo oeceoc a ocyapcey ey ec ocyce ecx paaa PK oo (oo ocyapceo e) cocaa pecye.
opoooc peoaae, o o ecye o coceo ae. o ycoe ocycye, ec cooee opaa ac ec ye (o aepa, o o eo c c ocpao paeo cao eco py a). Coepeeo, e. o acye oeceo oacx ocec. opao oaae, o o ecye caocoeo e oo ocyapcex opao. peae cae 165 K a ocoeco, ocooaee paaa Pecy Kaaxca o yo-oo oeceoc a ocyapcey ey, oe o aaooo ooe K KaCCP 1959 oa (ca 50 ac 2) pacpocpaec ae a oa acce axa yepae ac.
6) pecye, ocae a oecy ccey Pecy Kaaxca.
ocraeco a (c. 167 K)
Teppop (a. tero - cpax, yac) - o oa ycpae, oae oecx poo acce epa, o o x yoe.
Ho oo oec o eppopcec ao noae ocaeco a ex pepae eo ocyapceo o oeco eeoc o ec a ay eeoc.
o oceeo pee oao ee, o a coca pecye e ee pacpocpae cyeo pae, oa co oceeo pee a pocpace CH onpoepr eo. Ta, pacp aoop c e yca peea Aepaaa . Aea, 20 ayca 1995 oa Tc coepeo oyee a peea py . eapae, 30 ape 1997 oa epe opoa Xyae eaaco oac peyae pa paa pae pee Tacaa oa Paxoo.
Heocpecme oemo oo pecye ec oeca ccea Pecy Kaaxca. opoe ocyapceoo oeceoo ee cya aece ooumeoo oema.
oecy ccey, a oeaec peco epaype, opay ooopae opraa, cy, ypee op a ac, a ee yepae, cooae, opraa yopoae.
oepe p coepe paccapaeoro pecyne oy cya oo ocyapcee oecee ee. o p aoa o 25 eap 1958 oa ce-cea cyea paa ooca oece ee e oo oecex pyoox paoo coecx, napx pyx oecex opaa, o pox paopo. ceopo, yee-oeceo, yapo caxaoe a npooc-e, ax oeceo opoe a cee
pao oeaec peco epaype, o peeo ceo aoe ooae ycapeo ec pacpe. ocyapce eee oe pao o, aaee ocaoo co oc ocyapce. o - pecae ceo pyooca PK, e paeca, cp o pyooe pyx eoc, e apaea pye oooo acaa pyooe pao, aae cooec co cae 8 aa peea Pecy Kaaxca o 26 eap 1995 o ocyapceo cye ocyapcee ooc ce epo aeop .., oope oceoaeo ao ocyec co ocyapcee oece y.
o oece eee oaec o, aaee pyooee ooee, ao yacyee paoe oecx ap, oecex e, oo, poeccoax x coo, eeoc oopx e poope oe ocyapca.
Ka o eae cca aoa, ocaeca a x poceo eo ce ocyapceoo oeceoo ee ae o cyae, ec ec peca coo a ec a ay eeoc, e opay eppopcecoo aa apyc o cooecy ca K a pecye po oc.
ocaeca a pox ocyapcex cyax pox pecaee oecex opaa c c ocyecee cyeoeeoc oee oeceoo oa oxaac cocao yeoo yca p o-ax ocoecax (yr 6 ac 2 ca 96 K) oye a coepee aoro a pecye
Oemua cmopoa aoro pecye -paaec ocaece a cooecyeo a. oe ocaeco a epe o eeo yoooe aooaeco ao peya Bepxooo Coea CCCP 0 yce oeceoc a ocaeco a , opoe ococo paoo apox pyo o 15 epa 1962 oa, cooecya opa ooporo a ea K KaCCP e ca 173-1. B epoe pe p pee o op a cyeo pae, aye yo.ooo paa c pe oxo oa epa ocaeco a . B ex eoopaoo pee ao op ey Bepxooo Cya CCCP coe ocaoe o 3 1963 oa N 7 pac, o o ocaeco a ae paccapa yco oyee a yco. B acoee pe aoe noae ocaeca a ec oepa, oo ooc peo cocay pecye, peycopeoo cae 167 K. Ta opao, ocraeco a oaae coepee e. eocpeceo apaex a yco ocyapceoo o oeceoo ee, eaco o oo, yeac o ycexo e. C yeo ceo oacoc ec eppopca aooae oe ooa pecye a epeec a ca oye. aecoe acyee cep oyee a yaax oxaac paa aoo cocaa pecye e pey ooe aa o ca a yco (c. 96 K), yeoe pee pea opo (ca 103-104 K). Oeo aec ocec ocaeca oy acyee cep, pee pea opo pao ec. Booo ooe ocyce pea opo, oa oyee e peaoaoc yaax ocecx (apep, eppopc cpe, o poaxyc). Bo cex x cyax ao pa ooeoo eppopcecoo aa. Hae ocyce pex ocec e e a aa, a yaec p aae ep aaa. He a aa ae coco cpeca, coyee o. O ory ye oo paax cax orax ocoec. Ec poecce coepe eppopcecoo aa o cooao eaoo ooeoe, popeeoe o xpaeec opye, pae eeca pe ycpoca, o ec ooo oea aa o cooyoc co ca 251 - 252 K. Coepee eppopcecoo aa o aa ocpao pae oo apoac a ocyapcea ea ope oaa oo ocpaoy ocyapcy eppopcec a o cooyoc pecye. Ec np coepe ocraeca a ocyapceoo oeceoo ee y pye a, apep, poce oepeero, a eo oxpa o poco ocopoe, o ec ooo o apoac o cooyoc cae 167 96K.
