. (Haeckel, 1866*) . ( (. Garstang, 1922; Rensch, 1959; Lovtrup, 1978*) , , ˸ (Lovtrup, 1978*), .
(Rensch, 1959; Gould, 1977; Lovtrup, 1978*). , (lone) , , , Atherina (Rensch, 1959*). , (Gould, 1977*).
, , , . , .
˸ (Lovtrup, 1978*), , . , -, , . , .
(Von Baer, 1828*), . .
(Von Baer, 1828*) , , . , , , . , ; , , , (Garstang, 1922; Lovtrup, 1978*).
. ˸ (Lvtrup, 1978*) . .
˸ (Lovtrup, 1978*) : - .