.
., α- - .
1) 2---
2) 4- O
H H O
H-C-OH HO CH3
H-C-OH H H H OH
HO-C-H OH OH
HO-C-H
CH3
3) - O
H
H-C-OH CH3 O
H-C-OH H H
H-C-OH HO H H OH
H-C-OH OH OH
CH3
.., α- - 2 NH2-.
:
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
H OH OH OH
HO OH H OH
H NH2 NH2
- N- .
α--2-
α( β)--
CH2OH
, O
HO OH
. . OH
NHCOCH3
CH2OH
O
H OH
HO OH
H NHCOCH3
N-
- ( )
O=C H2OH
HO-C O CHOH O
HO-C =O
H-C
HO-C-H HO OH
CH2OH
α--2--4- .
O=C CH2OH
O=C CHOH O
O=C O = =O
H-C
HO-C O O
CH2OH
4-.-.
(1 .
, ) -
- -
-
-
( )
- α-
O-α-- H2OH O H2OH O H2OH O H2OH O
1 4 1
(1-4)-α-- OH OH OH OH OH OH O OH OH .
. OH OH OH OH OH OH .
α-- α β- 1,4-
.-,.. . 2- - ( ...), . .
-: **
1) .
**
1)., .- . +Cu(OH)2 - ( )
2) ( )
+8RCl
-8HCl
.
3) ( .)
+8(Cu3CO)2O
** - (. )
CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH
OH O
OH O OH OH O OH C
OH OH HO H
OH HO HO HO
. ( )
CH2OH O CH2OH OH
Ag(NH3)2 OH, OH-, to O
(- ) OH O OH C
-Ag OH OH OH OH
-.
u(OH)2, OH-, t o
-
-Cu2O, -H2O
**
C12H22O11 + H2O H+ C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
( )
O-β-- (1-4)-α( β)-.
CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH O
|
|
OH 1 OH + 4 OH OH
H OH HO OH H OH O OH OH
OH OH OH OH
β-- α β- β-1,4-
O
O OH
OH -α
O
OH -β
- , .
2- . , . -.
. , β-(1-4)- .
O-β--- CH2OH O CH2OH O
(1-4) OH
α( β)--- HO OH O OH
. OH OH
β-1,4-.
CH2OH O α- CH2OH O
HO OH OH HO OH
OH OH O α-1,2-
O O
HOCH2 OH HOCH2
HO OH
CH2OH CH2OH
OH OH
Β--
.-,.. - - .() .
-:
** .- .
** .-
1).() Cu(OH)2
2).+8RCl
-8HCl
3) . +8(3CO)2O
**.-
1).
2).
**
122211 + 2 + C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 .,.. 2- .-
.
, -.
O
[+52.5o]
- - , -
O O .
[-92o]
- .
(. ) ( -)
- - -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
, 2- : .
. . α--., α-1,4- .
CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH O
OH OH O OH O OH O.
OH OH OH
200 1000 ; 40-160 .
, , ..
- ≈1000 ; m=1-6 .
. .
α-1,4- , . α-1,6- .
. .20-25 .
CH2OH O CH2OH O
OH O OH
OH OH
O
CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2 O
HO OH O OH O OH O
OH OH OH
n
. .
(C6H11O5)2 H2O, H+ (C6H11O5)x H2O, H+ C12H22O11 H2O, H+ C6H12O6
<n
(
)
. .
|
|
, ., . α-- , , . .
10-12 ..
..- .
β--.(≈1500), β-1,4- .
.;
. (=> )
HOCH2 O CH2OH O CH2OH O
O OH O OH O OH O
OH OH OH
Β-1.4 β-1.4
**
- OH - OCOCH3
6H7O2 - OH n(CH2CO)2O C6H7O2 - OH
- OH n -nCH3COOH - OH n
.
+(2nCH3CO)2O
-2nCH3COOH
+3n(CH3CO)2O
-2nCH3COOH
**
- OH - ONO2
6H7O2 - OH n(HNO3) 6H7O2 - OH
-OH n -nH2O - OH
-.
+2n(HNO3) - ONO2
-2nH2O C6H7O2 - ONO2 .
- OH
+3n(HNO3)
-3nH2O
- - (), - / , . .
- ()-.-, - .
** .
CH2OH O CH2OH O CH2OH O
O O NaOH O O ClCH2COOH O O
OH -H2O OH -NaCl OH
OH ONa OCH2COOH
**
CH2OH O CH2OH O
O OH O ClCH2CH2N O OH O
ONa -NaCl OCH2CH2N(C2H5)2
( ) . .
. -.
α--
. α-1,6-
.α-1,4-1,3- 1,2
CH2O O CH2 O CH2 O
- .. (m=50-100 )
OH O OH O OH
OH OH OH
-. . . -, 1,4 .
COOH O COOH O COOH O
O OH O OH O OH O . , , .
OH OH OH
.. -
.
.
, .β-- ,
2,1-
. α--
≈6000.
O
CH2OH O
OH
HO
CH2