O
OH OH , .. - - ..
O
C-O-
O-H
1) - COOH:
COOH CH3,H+ COOCH3
-H2O OH
OH a)PCl5 COOC6H5
)65Na OH
NaHCO3 COONa
-H2O,-CO2
OH Na
2) - OH:
COOH (CH3CO)2O COOH -.()
OH CH3COOH OCOCH3
., -st? -.
O O 3=-
C-C
H OH
-.
(-) -. ()
**3--2-COOH ()
O
** O
HOOC-C-CH2-COOH -. )
** HOOC-C-CH2- CH2-COOH α-
O
COOH OH: α, β, γ.
: ** .
CH3-C-COOH[O] CH3-C-COOH
OH O
.-
**
H3-C-COOH 3NaOH CH3-C-COONa CH3-C-COONa +HCl CH3CCOOH
Cl Cl -2NaCl OH HO -H2O O -NaCl O
-2H2O
: * COOH
O
*
H
- - -.
α β - .
O . α/β- .
H3-C-COOH H2SO4, to CH3-C
O -CO2 H
; .(. .)
3- CC FCH3C=HCOOC2H5
25
-
-(92%) 8%
- . .. . .
3- -25
:
ͅ
** -.
[H]
3--225 - CH3CHCH2COOC2H5
NH CN
CH3CCH2COOC2H5
OH
SO3Na
NaHSO3 CH3CCH2COOC2H5
OH
** .
+Br2
CH3C=CHCOOC2H5 CH3CCHCOOC2H5
OH O Br
Na
-H2 CH3C=CHCOOC2H5
ONa
+FeCl3 . .. .
+CH3COH
-HCl CH3C=CHCOOC2H5
- OCOCH3
CH3C=CHCOOC2H5FCH3C=CHCOOC2H5
ONa O- .
CH3C=CHCOOC2H5CH3CCHCOOC2H5
- -
CH3C=CHCOOC2H5+RCl - CH3C-CH-COOC2H5
ONa O R
. - CH3C=CHCOOC2H5
OR
. .
. . - .:
** ( ..)
CH3CCHCOOC2H5 Na OH() CH3CCH2COOH to CH3CCH3
O C2H5OH O -CO2 O
CH-C-CH2R
O
** ( ..- )
O
CH3-C-CH-C 2CH3COOK + C2H5OH
O R OC2H5 +HCl +RCH2COOK
|
|
KO-H KOH CH3COOH +HCl
RCH2COOH
.
-.
NH2
SO3H
: NH2 N+H3:HSO-4:NH-SO3H NH
+H2SO4(k) 180oC
-H2O
H SO3H
N- -.
H2N -S-OHFH3+C SO3-
. ( )
- .
H3N+ - - SO-3 +NaOH H2N - - SO3Na
-H2O
- . - .-.
. - - .,.. , ..
NH2 NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NH2
(CH3CO)2O HOSO2Cl +NH3 +H2O
- .
NH2. SO2Cl O=S=O O=S=O.
-. NH2 NH2
n-- -
.
.
H2N- -SO2NHNa +NaOH H2N - - SO2NH2 +HCl H3N+- -SO2NH2 Cl-
-H2O NH-..
:
NH2
O=S=O
NH-R
NH2+COOH
** (α-, β-,γ)
**
- COOH - - .-
_ NH2
-.
- COOH
NH2
: ** Hal .-.
R-CH-COOH +NH3 R-CHCOONH4 +HCl R-CH-COOH
CH -NH4Cl NH4 NH2
** -.
R-C-COOH NH3,H2 R-C-COOH R-C-COOH
O NH NH2
**. NH3 α,β-.-.
β
RCH=CHCOOH+NH3R-CH-CH2COOH
NH2
** . -.
COOH COOH
[H] +H2O
NO2 NH2
: * COOH
* NH2.
..- , -.
*. . α,β,γ-.-.
) α t- . .
O
R-CH-C O
HNH OH R-CH-C
+ to HN NH
HNH -2H2O C-CH-R
HO O
C-CH-R
O
) β-
R-CH-CH-COOH to R-CH=CH-COOH
NH2 H -NH3 ..
) γ- - .
2-CH2 CH2-CH
R-CH C=O to R-CH C=O
HNH OH -H2O NH .
γ-.-()
α-.-.()
-.
: ()
O
H2N- -C
OC2H5
O
H2N- -C
OCH2CH2N(C2H5)2
O
H2N- -C
NHCH2CH2N(C2H5)2