CH3 NO2 CH3 NH3 CH3
O=N-CH3 HNO3 O= N-CH3 [H] O= N-CH3 +2CH3J
-H2O -H2O -2HJ
N N N
C6H5 C6H5 C6H5
4-
N(CH3)2 CH3
O= N-CH3
N
C6H5
. - FeCl3 (.)
** .1
NH2 N+ CH3
N CH2 - CH2CH2OH
H3C N S
**2- - - ..
O N
H2N -S-NH-
O
S
** . .
H2C N-H
H2C CH2
S
.
HOOC N O
H3C NH-C-R
CH3 S
Β-
. 1- .
N
N N
- , . 5- . - N . .
, - .
4()
(β)5 3(β)
(α)6 2(α)
N
..1
:
1) 2CHaCH+HCN 4000
2) 2CHaCH+NH3 4000
Al2O3 N
3) CH3-C=O + NH3 + H-C=O to
H H
.-:
**
- N.
, ., - sp2 ., sp3 , .. N sp2 > N sp3 .
- .
+
+H+OH- OH- -
..N N
- . .-, .- -, α- - ..
+
+ HBr Br-
N N
H
OH
O2N NO2 + NO2
+ N-H O- - NO2
N NO2 NO2
**. ,..N . , , . , -
-..
. SE , C6H6.
., , - - .
Br 300o Br SE -.
-HBr
N
N
KNO3+H2SO4; 300 NO2
-K2SO4 -H2O
N
H2SO3 SO3; 200o SO3H
B- -
N
**. Sn
C6H6 . SN , . α-. ., γ-.
NaNH2, to
. HOH
+ -2 NHNa -NaOH NH2
N N N α-
KOH, to
.
-2 OH HOH OH
N N
.- - .
OH =O
..N N
. -, .:
1) .N, .
2) .
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**Nu -.
.. - N.
1)
+ CH+3J-
J- N-
..N N+
CH3
2)
+ CH3C=O N-C-CH3 Cl - - ..
..N Cl
+ SO3 N+ - SO3- . ..
..N
3)
., ..
CH2
[H] H2C CH2
C2H5OH + Na H2C CH2
..N N
H
3H2/Pt
4H2/Pt, 70 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 -CH2NH2
-1
-
. . N.
CH3COOH N- . ..
..N N
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
N N N
( )
α-
(2--)
Α--
.
.- -.
COOH
COOH
COOH
N N N
-. -. .-.
.-
.- - (..)
: + +, α- . -, .
C=O
NH2
N
[H-] H H
C=O + R-H C=O
NH2 H NH2 + R + H+
N+ N
R R
+
.
.-, , . . .
. . -.
=O
NH-NH2
N
N C=O O
NH-NH2 + O= C OH N C-NH-N=CH OH
H OCH3 -H2O OCH3
5 4(γ)
6 3(B)
7 2(α)
8 N1
NH2
+ CH2 CH2 CH2 C2H5NO2, to
OH OH OH H2SO4
1) . .
CH2CH CH2 H2SO4 CH2=CH-C=O
OH OH OH -H2O H
2) O=C-H CH
+ CH +2 = -=O H CH2 -H2O OH
H N-CH2 OH2
..NH2 N
H
C6H5NO2
C6H5NH2
N
.-:
**
. , ( H2O H+) N.
** SE
. .5 8 .
NO2
+ HNO3(k) H2SO4(k) +
-H2O
N NO2 N N
** SN
. . α-. .
+ 1) NaNH2
2) H2O NH2
N N
**
H2/Ni, t o 1.2.3.4-
N
H
N
H2/Ni, t o, P
N
H
**
+ CH3COOH
N-
N N
O
KMnO4, to HOOC
N HOOC -. (2,3-.-)
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N
8-()
- ., .. Mg2+, Zn2+
OH N
. .2+, . ..
NO2
HNO3(k) 8--5-- (5-)
-H2O
+ OH N
OH N
H2SO4(k)
SO4 8- (.)
OH N
H 2
l
8--7--5--
J
OH N