. 20 α--, ,..
α
H2N-CH-COOH - .
R
. - .
( - 4-)
COOH COOH
H NH2 NH2 H
R R
-α- 4-α-
2 4- , - - :
COOH COOH
H2N H H2N H
H3C H H OH
CH2CH3 CH3
4- 4-
: 1. (1 NH2, 1-COOH, .)
** H2N-CH2COOH ()
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH3
**H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH-CH3
CH3
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2
CH-CH3
CH3
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH-CH3
CH2
CH3
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2OH
**H2N-CH-COOH ()
CHOH
CH3
**H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2-SH
H2N
**H2N-CH-COOH CH-COOH
CH2SH SCH2 ( S-S-)
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2
CH2SCH3
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2
** H2N-CH-COOH ()
CH2
OH
** H2-CH-COOH
NH2 ()
N
H
** N
- CH2-CH-COOH ()
N NH2
H
2. - - (1-NH2, 2-COOH, )
H2N-CH-COOH
CH2-COOH - ()
** H2N-CH-COOH
O
CH2C ()
NH2
**H2N-CH-COOH - ()
CH2
CH2COOH
**H2N-CH-COOH
CH2 O ()
CH2C
NH2
3. . -. (2-NH2, 1-COOH)
**H2N-CH-COOH
(CH2)3 ()
NH2
** H2N-CH-COOH
(CH2)4 ()
NH2
** H2N-CH-COOH
(CH2)3 ()
NH
C=NH
NH2
4.
**
COOH ()
N
H
** HO
COOH (-)
N
H
( - -, . )
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - .:
1. (-)
COOH COOH COOH COOH
C=O + CH-NH2 F C=O + CH-NH2
R1 R2 R2 . R1 .
2. COOH COOH
C=O +NH3, +H2 CHNH2
R R
: 1. - .
- ( )
- ( NH3)
- . ( )
- ( .-)
- ( PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2)
-
In Vitro Ba(OH)2 to
H2N-CH-COOH - H2N-CH2-R
R inVivo (, )
2.
-- ( .-)
- ( .)
O
-- ( R-C / (CH3CO)2O)
Cl
-:
In Vitro;
H2N-CH-COOH+HONOHOCHCOOH+N2+H2O
R R
- (- ..)
In Vivo; -:
H2N-CH-COOH HA+ R-CHCOOHR-C-COOH
|
|
R HA NH O
:
R-CH-CH-COOH R-CH=CH-COOH
H Nh2 -NH3
3. . ( ..)
R-CH-COOH O
NH2 + H-C R-CH-COOH
H NHCH2OH
.
C6H-5N=C+ =S-+ H2N-CH-COOH C6H5NHCNHCHCOOH
R R
HCl
-H2O S
C
C6H5-NH NH -.
C-CH-R
O