() , . | |
CnH2n (n ≥ 3) | |
( ) | |
. |
(C3H6) (C4H8) (C5H10) (C6H12)
/.
.
(3, 4) . (57) . ( ); ( ).
, | |
I. 1. ( ) | Ni + + 2 3-2-3 |
2. ( ) | + Br2 BrCH2CH2CH2Br 1,3- |
3.- ( ) | + HBr CH3CHCH2CH2 | | Br H 2- |
II. ( ) | hv + Cl2 + HCl |
III. ( ) | Pd,300C 66 + 3H2 |
1. | H2C CH2 Cl H2C CH2 | + 2Na | | + 2NaCl H2C CH2 Cl H2C CH2 1,4- |
2. | + H2 T,kat + 3H2 |
() .
( )
() , sp2- ( 0,133 ) | |
CnH2n (n ≥ 2) | |
, , | 1. CH2 = CH2 (); CH2 = CH 2. CH2 = CH CH3 (); CH2 = CH CH2 3.C4H8: CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 -1 () --2 - -2 CH2 = C CH3 | 2--1 () CH3 : ) ; ) ; ) , -; ) (. ). |
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24, 36, 48 510 1632 C17H34
.
. π- , . , :
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+XY C
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X Y
, | |
I. 1. ( ) | T,Ni 2=͗3 + 2 323 |
2. ( ) | 2=2 + Cl2 ClCH2CH2Cl 1,2- 3=͖3+ 2 3͖͖3 -2 (H2O) | | Br Br 2,3- |
(- 2 2) ( ) | |
3. ( ) | 2=2 + HCl 3CH2Cl Br | 2=͖3 + 3͖3 2- : |
4. ( ) | T,H+ 2=2 + CH3CH2OH T,H+ 2=͖23 + CH3CHCHCH3 -1 | OH -2 |
II. 1. | T 24 + 32 22 + 22 |
2. | Ag,2000C 22=2 + O2 2 |
3. ( -) | 3CH2=CH2+2KMnO4+ 4H2O3CH2CH2+2KOH+2MnO2¯ | | OH OH : CH2CH2 + (O) + H2O CH2CH2 | | OH OH (- n4 ) |
4. ( ) | H+ CH3CH=CHCH3 + 4(O) 2 -2 ( KMnO4) H+ CH2=CHCH3 + 4(O) + ( KMnO4) |
III. | T,P,kat n CH2=CH2 (CH2CH2)n () () T,P,kat n CH2=CHCH3 (CH2CH)n | CH3 |
1. | T,P,kat CnH2n+2 CnH2n + 2 |
2. | Ni CnH2n-2 + 2 CnH2n |
3. | . |
4. () | H2SO4(.),~1700C CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4(.),~1700C CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CH=CHCH3 + H2O | OH -2 -2 : |
5. - - - | CH3CH2Cl + KOH CH2=CH2 + KCl + H2O (. -) CH3CH2CHCH3+NaOH CH3CH=CHCH3+NaBr+H2O | (. -) Br 2- -2 |
6. | CH3CH2CHCH2+Mg CH3CH2CH=CH2 + MgBr2 | | Br Br 1,2- -1 (2 .) |
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