, . s- (1 ) 2 , p- (3 ) 6 , d- (5 ) 10 , f- (7 ) 14 . 2n2, n .
. 5.1.
5.1.
n | l | ml | ms | |||
+1/2;-1/2 | 1s | |||||
+1/2;-1/2 | 2s | |||||
-1 | +1/2;-1/2 | 2p | ||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
+1/2;-1/2 | 3s | |||||
-1 | +1/2;-1/2 | 3p | ||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
-2 | +1/2;-1/2 | 3d | ||||
-1 | +1/2;-1/2 | |||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
+1/2;-1/2 | ||||||
+1/2;-1/2 |
: . : 1s2 <2s2 <2p6<3s2<3p6<4s2<3d10< <4p6<5s2<4d10<5p6<6s2<4f14<5d10<6p6<7s2<5f14<6d10.
, . d- f-. () ; .
: n+l; n+l n. , .
: , . -. , , , . - ( ) ( ) (. 5.2,). , (. 5.2, ). , , . , .
|
|
↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |
. 5.2. - : 3; 4; 5; 6
1. - . .
2. . .
3. | ψ|2?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. s-, p- d- ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. . s-, p-, d- f- ?
11. . .
12. .
13. ?
14. ml l = 1?
15. : 4f, 2d, 2s, 5p, 1p, 3f, 3d, 1s, 4s?
16. 4- ?
17. 3- ?
18. 2- 3-?
19. ?
20. ?
21. ?
22. , , ?
23. ?
24. 3d-. : ) n = 3; ) l = 1; ) ml = 1; ) ml = 2?
25. 3p 3d 3p 4s? , ?
5.3.
1. y |y|2?
2. ().
3. , , n, l, ml?
4. n, l, ml 3d - ?
5. n = 3?
|
|
6. ? , 4 ?
7. , ?
8. 2n2?
9. 2- 3- ?
10. : 4f, 2d, 2s, 5p, 1p, 3f, 7p?
11. 15, 24, 30, 36.
12. n l 11, 33, 37.
13. Ca2+, Al3+, S2-.
14. , 4s23d104 4 4 .
15. , , Zn, Sr, Kr?
16. (n - 1)d5ns2?
17. , ?
18. : 3 3d 4p 4d? , ? ?
19. ns2p4: Ga, Sn, Te, Mn, Se, Cr? .
20. 2s 3s?
21. : 2p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d.
22. : 3p, 1s, 3d, 2p, 3s, 5d.
23. ?
24. ?
25. N-?
26. , , ?
27. Cr ?
28. - ?
29. 43- ?
30. 1s, 3s 5s .