(5.3)
, (5.4)
Δ, Δ, Δv , ; h ; m .
, ; .
1926 . . , . ψ, . , . |ψ|2, . , . , , , .. , 95 %.
, .
n . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7∞, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q n, . .
. n, . n , , - (-, -).
(, ) l 0 n-1 . : 0-s; 1-p; 2-d; 3-f .. , l n, (), 1s- (n=1; l=0); 2p- (n=2; l=1) ..
s- (. 5.1,), - (. 5.1,bd). d- . 5.1,ei. f- , d-.
.
s, p, d, f (Es<Ep<Ed<Ef).
ml +l l, 0. , d- (l=2) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2. , d- (. 5.1,ei). , d- , s- (. 5.1,a), p- (. 5.1,bd), f- .
|
|
, ().
. 5.1. : a1s; b2py; c2px; d2pz; e3dz2; f3dx2-y2; g3dxy; h3dxz; i3dxy.
ms : +1/2 -1/2.
, : n, l, ml ms.
. () :
1) ( );
2) ;
3) ;
4) .