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ճ . 쳿, , , , , , .
6.170202 쳿.
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1. .. . ., , 1983.
2. .., .. . .-., , 1997.
3. .. . ., .., 1985.
4. .. . ., .., 2000.
5. .. . ., .., 2001.
6. . . 2., . ./ . .. ., .., 1974.
7. .. . ., , 2002.
8. .., .., .. . ., .., 1991.
1. 쳿: ϳ/ .., .., .. .; . ... : , 2000. 424: . 5-7773-0315-3.
2. ճ. , , . .. /.., ..ʳ, .. . 2- ., . . : , 2001. 176: . 966-603-108-6.
1. ? : CuO, 123, ZnO, SnO2, CO2, iO2, BeO, SiO2, .
2. Na2O, HgO, O2, SO3, r3, .
3. ? : Na2O, HgO, CaO, CrO, CuO? .
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4. ? : N2O5, N2O3, SiO2, CO2, NO2. .
5. (), (), () (), x: HNO2, LiOH, H2SiO3, La(OH)3, C(OH)2, HOC1, HMnO4, H3PO4, NaHCO3, (CuOH)2CO3, KHSO4, A1(OH)C12.
6. , : 34, u()2, ()2, NO3, NaOH, Fe(OH)3, Ba(OH)2.
7. ? , : HNO2, 34, 23, 1, 14, HNO3, 3, H2SO4.
8. , : H2SeO4, H2SO3, HBr, H3PO3, HBr, H2Cr4, H2CO3, HNO2.
9. : (24)2, Zn(H)NO3, Ca(OCl)Cl, Na2CrO4, KC1, A1(OH)SO4, KNaSO4, KHCO3. , , , , ?
10. : r, H2Se, H2SeO3, CH3COOH, 34? .
11. , : ) () ; ) (IV); ) ; ) () ; ) ; ) ; ) .
12. , :
Ca→CaO→Ca(OH)2→CaSO4;
FeS2→SO2→SO3→H2SO4→NaHSO4→Na2SO4.
13. , :
Zn→ZnO→Zn(N3)2→Zn(OH)2→Na2ZnO2→ZnCl2;
N2→NH3→NO→NO2→HNO3→NH4NO3.
14. , :
u→Cu(NO3)2→u→CuSO4→u(H)2;
→→2→3→(3)2.
15. , :
Fe→FeCl2→Fe(OH)2→Fe(OH)3→Fe2O3;
Ca3(PO4)2→P2O5→HPO3→H3PO4→Ca(H2PO4)2.
16. 32 83, , 5s- 4d-. ? .
17. 49 74. , , . : 3d 4s; 5p 6s?
18. s-, p-, d-, f- ? 40 50. .
19. : 4d 5s; 6s 5p? ? 51 67.
20. m l l=0, 1, 2, 3? s-, p-, d- f- ? . 35 92.
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21. 52 72. , , , , .
22. n, l, m l m s, ? 42 82?
23. ? 7- d12- ? ? 40 60, .
24. s-, p-, d- f- ? d- 45 63?
25. : 4s 3d; 5s 4p? ? 34 85.
26. . : 5s 4d; 6s 5p? ? 53 72.
27. ? ? 46 82.
28. 39 84. , , , . , .
29. . d - 3d . ? 33 76.
30. n, l, m l ms 37 78? , , , , .
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( ) . ?
| 31. NH3, | BO, | gCl2 |
| 32. H2O, | N2, | AlCl3 |
| 33. Cl2, | KI, | SiH4 |
| 34. CaCl2, | H2, | BeF2 |
| 35. NaBr, | O2, | CF4 |
| 36. NO, | I2, | BCl3 |
| 37. NO2, | MgO, | CaF2 |
| 38. SO2, | NaI, | SiCl4 |
| 39. Br2, | KCl, | BeI2 |
| 40. SiF4, | MgBr2, | BH3 |
| 41. F2, | CaI2, | MgBr2 |
| 42. HCl, | Na2O, | CH4 |
| 43. CS2, | 2S, | AlBr3 |
| 44. F3, | CaBr2, | BeCl2 |
| 45. CO2, | AlF3, | CCl4 |
, :
46. FeO() + CO() = Fe() + CO2()
47. 2H2S() + CO2() = 2H2O() + CS2()
48. CO2() + 4H2() = CH4() + 2H2O()
49. CH4() + 2H2S() = CS2() + 4H2()
50. NH3() + HCl() = NH4Cl()
51. CH4() +2O2() = 2H2O() + CO2()
52. CaO() + H2O() = Ca(OH)2()
53. C6H6() +7 
O2() = 6CO2() + 3H2O()
54. 3N2O() + 2NH3() = 4N2() + 3H2O()
55. 4NH3() + 5O2() =4NO() + 6H2O()
56. H3OH() + 
O2() = CO2() + 2H2O()
57. C2H6() +3 O2() = 3H2O() + 2CO2()
58. 2C2H5OH() + 7O2() = 4CO2() + 6H2O()
59. 4NH3() + 3O2() =2N2() + 6H2O()
60. 4NH3() + 7O2() = 4NO2() + 6H2O()
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( ) ∆G˚298 , . ?
61. CH4() + CO2() = 2CO() + 2H2()
62. CO() + H2O() = CO2() + H2()
63. Fe2O3() + 3H2() = 2Fe() + 3H2O()
64. 4HCl() + O2() = 2H2O() + 2Cl2()
65. Fe3O4() + CO() = 3FeO() + CO2()
66. C2H2() + 
O2() = 2CO2() + H2O()
67. H2() + CO2() = CO() + H2O()
68. 2NO() + O2() = 2NO2()
69. NH3() + l() = NH4Cl()
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70. CO() + 2H2() = CH3OH()
71. CH4() + 2O2() = CO2() + 2H2()
72. 4NH3() + 5O2() = 4NO() + 6H2O()
73. 4HCl() + O2() = 2H2O() + 2Cl2()
74. 2SO2() + O2() = 2SO3()
75. Fe2O3() + 3C() = 2FeO() + 3CO()
