(2) |
, (1) |
() | () |
- |
[E] - / - /
[D] - /2 [H] - A/
[ j ] - A/2 [B] - [ ] - /3
[ ] - (4 10-7 ×-1) - ××-2×-2
[ ] - (8,85×10-12 ×-1) - 2×4×-1×-3
k = 1/(4 ) = 9×109 ×-1
; ; ;
.
,a | N, n | ||
, b | X, x | ||
, g | O, o | ó | |
D,d | , p | ||
, e | ó | , r | |
Z, V | S,s | ||
η | , t | ||
Θ, q | , j | ||
I, i | ,c | ||
K,æ | ^, u | ó | |
L, l | Y, y | ||
M, m | W, w |
.
, -
,
,
RII = 2
n = n2/n1
(n1 sin x = n2 sin y).
(n , h )
n = 2 | n = 3 | n = 4 | |
(1+h)2=1+2h | 0.07 | 0.022 | 0.0007 |
(1+h)2=1+3h | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.004 |
1/(1+h)=1-h | 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.007 |
(1+h)1/2=1+h/3 | 0.19 | 0.063 | 0.020 |
(1+h)1/3=1+h/3 | 0.2 | 0.068 | 0.021 |
lg(1+h)=0.4343h | 0.14 | 0.047 | 0.015 |
lg((1+h)/(1-h))=2h | 0.25 | 0.119 | 0.053 |
ln((1+h)/(1-h)) | 0.19 | 0.090 | 0.042 |
10k=1+2.30h | 0.04 | 0.014 | 0.004 |
eh=1+h | 0.09 | 0.031 | 0.010 |
sin(h)=h | 17º | 8º15' | 3º50' |
sin h = h-h3/6 | 51º | 32º | 20º |
cos h = 1-h2/2 | 33º | 18º | 10º |
cos h = 1 | 5º43' | 1º48' | 0º34' |
tg h = h | 14º | 6º25' | 3º02' |
tg h = h+h/3 | 29º | 18º | 11º |
(1 + h)n = 1 + nh; (1 + h)(1 q) = 1 + h q; (1 + h)(1 q) = 1 h q; (1 + h)(1 q)(1 + z) = 1 + h q + z; 1/(1 h) = 1 h; (1 + h)/(1 + q) = 1 + h - q; (a h)n = an nan-1 h; a/(1 q) = a ah; ctg h = 1/h; (a2 + h)1/2 = (1/a) - (h/2a2); sin(φ h) = sin φ hcos φ; cos(φ h) = cos φ hsin φ; tg(φ h) = tgφ h/cos2φ; y(x + h) + y'(x)h
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, .
:
- . (, .2. . 42.2 . 122);
- ( ) (, .2. . 119.2 . 349);
- (, .2. . 9.1 . 29).
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a ,.
: = r1, BP = r2, PD = r, AC = r1 - r2 = D, AB = L.
= , , D , K , , ,
a
a 0 q + Dq2 q q - Dq1 q
Ð CBA = p - b - (q + Dq) = p - - (q + Dq) = (q + Dq)
Ð BA = p - b = a 0 Ð BA
, D BC , D B -
Ð CBA = - q ¹
AC = AB × sin (Ð CBA) = AB × sin = AB × cos q
D = AB × cos q = L × cos q.
Ð AB + (p - q) + (q - Dq) = p; q - Dq = - + q; Dq = , Ð BB¢ = + q = q + Dq. Dq = .