1.
1 .
H, | V, / | H, | V, / | H, | V, / |
340,29 | 336,82 | 10 000 | 293,53 | ||
340,10 | 1 000 | 336,43 | 11 050 - 20 050 | 295,07 | |
339,91 | 2 000 | 332,53 | 30 000 | 301,71 | |
339,53 | 3 000 | 328,58 | 40 000 | 317,19 | |
339,14 | 4 000 | 324,59 | 50 000 | 329,80 | |
338,76 | 5 000 | 320,54 | 60 000 | 315,07 | |
338,37 | 6 000 | 316,45 | 70 000 | 297,06 | |
337,98 | 7 000 | 312,31 | 80 000 | 282,54 | |
337,60 | 8 000 | 308,10 | |||
337,21 | 9 000 | 303,85 |
2 .
(a = (d/2) ln I0/Id /, a1 = 8,6862 /, d )
. , % | , | |||||
0,13 | 0,47 | 0,127 | 0,87 | 2,26 | 2,53 | |
0,06 | 0,23 | 0,82 | 1,61 | 2,48 | 3,28 | |
- | - | - | - | - | 4,15 | |
0,03 | 0,10 | 0,38 | 0,84 | 1,45 | 2,20 | |
0,03 | 0,09 | 0,24 | 0,54 | 0,96 | 1,47 | |
0,03 | 0,08 | 0,20 | 0,39 | 0,69 | 1,08 | |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
37% 50 - 22,6; 100 - 41,5; 500 530; 37% 1927 7000.
3 ,
1,76 1017 | 1,63 1010 | ||
3,09 1012 | 1,44 1010 | ||
1,6 1012 | 1,12 1010 | ||
2,53 1010 |
, 2.1031 (, 1,6.1031 ; U, Th, -0.9.1031 ).
4 ( + )
, | ||||
, /2 | 0,130 | 0,490 | 0,95 | 1,13 |
, % |
( 97%) 0,3 -3,0 , 53,5% - 0,4-0,7 , .. . , 0,5%, 3,5%, .
: 420 430 670 680
5. , /(2 . )
λ = 1 | λ = 10 | |
10-1 | 10-5 | |
10-2 | 10-7 | |
10-3 | 10-7 | |
10-7 | 10-3 | |
10-10 | 10-6 |
4 l = 0,55
|
|
, | σ, -1 | , | σ, -1 |
1,162.10-2 | 8,436.10-4 | ||
6,988.10-3 | 1,747 | ||
3,924 | 3,791.10-5 | ||
1,848 | 9,743.10-6 |
5 0,55 6 . a(l) = a(0,55)[n0 + n1 l-n2]
n0 | n1 | n2 | ||
0,4 | 1,88 | |||
Sm ³ 4 | 0,06 | 0,36 | 1,88 | |
- | 0,1 | 0,45 | 1,30 | |
0,01 | 0,8 | 0,5 | ||
0,3 | 0,5 | 0,6 | ||
0,25 | 0,45 | 1,24 | ||
0,58 | 1,24 | |||
0,77 | 0,15 | 1,24 |
l = 0,55 Sm = 10 a = 0,4 -1
6 .
, | , . . | t, 0 | t, 0 | ,r /3 |
760,00 | 15,00 | 15,00 | 1,226 | |
0,1 | 751,03 | 14,35 | 14,67 | 1,214 |
0,2 | 742,15 | 13,70 | 14,35 | 1,202 |
0,3 | 733,35 | 13,05 | 14,02 | 1,191 |
0,4 | 724,64 | 12,40 | 13,70 | 1,179 |
0,5 | 716,01 | 11,75 | 13,37 | 1,168 |
0,6 | 707,47 | 11,10 | 13,05 | 1,157 |
0,7 | 699,01 | 10,45 | 12,72 | 1,145 |
0,8 | 690,63 | 9,80 | 12,40 | 1,134 |
0,9 | 682,33 | 9,15 | 12,07 | 1,123 |
1,0 | 674,11 | 8,50 | 11,75 | 1,112 |
1,5 | 634,21 | 5,25 | 10,02 | 1,059 |
2,0 | 596,26 | 2,0 | 8,50 | 1,007 |
2,5 | 560,16 | - 1,25 | 6,87 | 0,957 |
3,0 | 525,87 | - 4,50 | 5,25 | 0,910 |
3,5 | 493,30 | - 7,75 | 3,62 | 0,864 |
4,0 | 464,40 | - 11,00 | 2,0 | 0,820 |
4,5 | 433,10 | - 14,25 | 0,37 | 0,777 |
5,0 | 405,33 | - 17,50 | - 1,25 | 0,737 |
5,5 | 379,04 | - 20,75 | - 2,87 | 0,698 |
6,0 | 354,16 | - 24,00 | - 4,50 | 0,661 |
6,5 | 330,72 | - 27,25 | - 6,12 | 0,625 |
7,0 | 308,52 | - 30,50 | - 7,75 | 0,591 |
7,5 | 287,55 | - 33,75 | - 9,37 | 0,558 |
8,0 | 267,79 | - 37,00 | - 11,00 | 0,527 |
8,5 | 249,16 | - 40,25 | - 12,62 | 0,479 |
9,0 | 231,62 | - 43,50 | - 14,25 | 0,469 |
9,5 | 215,09 | - 46,75 | - 15,87 | 0,442 |
10,0 | 199,60 | - 50,00 | - 17,50 | 0,416 |
10,5 | 185,01 | - 53,25 | - 19,12 | 0,391 |
11,0 | 171,34 | - 56,50 | -20,75 | 0,368 |
11,5 | 160,11 | - 56,50 | -20,75 | 0,344 |
12,0 | 149,64 | - 56,50 | -20,75 | 0,321 |
7
Z, | , | , /2 | ρ, . 2/4 | ρ/ρ0 | , /c | ν, 2/ | g, /2 | l, | |
288,15 | 10332,3 | 1,2492.10-1 | 1,0000 | 340,28 | 1,4607.10-5 | 9,80665 | 6,3741.10-8 | ||
284,90 | 9733,5 | 1,1902 | 9,5282.10-1 | 338,36 | 1,5196 | 9,80511 | 6,6688 | ||
281,65 | 9733,5 | 1,1336 | 9,0751 | 336,43 | 1,5812 | 9,80357 | 6,9791 | ||
278,40 | 9164,8 | 1,0791 | 8,6384 | 334,48 | 1,6461 | 9,80203 | 7,3079 | ||
275,14 | 8623,3 | 1,0265 | 8,2171 | 332,52 | 1,7146 | 9,80049 | 7,6572 | ||
271,89 | 8106,5 | 9,7593.10-2 | 7,8127 | 330,55 | 1,7866 | 9,79896 | 8,0260 | ||
3,0 | 268,64 | 7616,6 | 9,2734 | 7,4237 | 328,56 | 1,8624 | 9,79742 | 8,4170 | |
265,38 | 7150,8 | 8,8048 | 7,0485 | 326,56 | 1,9426 | 9,79588 | 8,8333 | ||
262,13 | 6707,1 | 8,3558 | 6,6891 | 324,56 | 2,0271 | 9,79435 | 9,2744 | ||
258,88 | 6287,2 | 7,9246 | 6,3440 | 322,54 | 2,1162 | 9,79281 | 9,7426 | ||
255,63 | 5888,8 | 7,5106 | 6,0125 | 320,51 | 2,2103 | 9,79128 | 1,0240.107 | ||
249,13 | 5511,1 | 6,7324 | 5,3895 | 316,41 | 2,4153 | 9,78820 | 1,1335 | ||
242,63 | 4814,4 | 6,0174 | 4,8177 | 312,25 | 2,6452 | 9,78514 | 1,2579 | ||
236,14 | 4190,8 | 5,3628 | 4,2931 | 308,25 | 2,9030 | 9,78207 | 1,3994 | ||
229,64 | 3635,1 | 4,7633 | 3,8132 | 303,78 | 3,1942 | 9,77900 | 1,5614 | ||
223,15 | 3139,8 | 4,2172 | 3,3761 | 299,45 | 3,5232 | 9,77594 | 1,7471 | ||
216,66 | 2701,3 | 3,7204 | 2,9784 | 295,07 | 3,8966 | 9,77287 | 1,9610 | ||
216,66 | 2313,7 | 3,1795 | 2,5453 | 295,07 | 4,5559 | 9,76981 | 2,2946 | ||
216,66 | 1977,3 | 2,1753 | 295,07 | 5,3351 | 9,76675 | 2,6849 | |||
216,66 | 1689,9 | 2,3225 | 1,8593 | 295,07 | 6,2420 | 9,76369 | 3,1413 | ||
216,66 | 1234,6 | 1,985110-2 | 1,589110-1 | 295,07 | 7.302910-5 | 9,76063 | 3,675210-7 | ||
216,66 | 1055,2 | 1,6968 | 1,3584 | 295,07 | 8,5437 | 9,75758 | 4,2996 | ||
216,66 | 902,03 | 1,5404 | 1,1611 | 295,07 | 9,9952 | 9,75452 | 5,0301 | ||
216,66 | 771,10 | 1,2399 | 9,925710-2 | 295,07 | 1,169210-4 | 9,75146 | 5,8840 | ||
216,66 | 659,22 | 1,0600 | 8,4857 | 295,07 | 1,3676 | 9,74842 | 6,8825 | ||
216,66 | 563,59 | 9,062310-3 | 7,2547 | 295,07 | 1,5997 | 9,74537 | 8,0505 | ||
216,66 | 481,86 | 7,7481 | 6,2027 | 295,07 | 1,8710 | 9,74232 | 9,4458 | ||
216,66 | 412,00 | 6,6247 | 5,3033 | 295,07 | 2,1883 | 9,73927 | 1,101310-6 | ||
216,66 | 352,28 | 5,6645 | 4,5347 | 295,07 | 2,5593 | 9,73623 | 1,2880 | ||
216,66 | 301,23 | 4,8438 | 3,8776 | 295,07 | 2,9929 | 9,73318 | 1,5062 | ||
216,66 | 257,60 | 4,1422 | 3,3160 | 295,07 | 3,4998 | 9,73014 | 1,7613 | ||
219,40 | 220,50 | 3,5013 | 2,8030 | 296,93 | 4,1842 | 9,72710 | 2,0925 | ||
222,14 | 189,11 | 2,9659 | 2,3743 | 298,78 | 4,9911 | 9,72406 | 2,4806 | ||
224,87 | 162,58 | 2,5188 | 2,0164 | 300,61 | 5,9370 | 9,72102 | 2,9327 | ||
227,61 | 139,96 | 2,1421 | 1,7149 | 302,43 | 7,0510 | 9,71798 | 3,4619 | ||
230,35 | 120,69 | 1,8254 | 1,4613 | 304,25 | 8,3565 | 9,71494 | 4,0786 | ||
235,82 | 90,274 | 1,3336 | 1,0676 | 307,84 | 1,166110-3 | 9,70888 | 5,6248 | ||
241,28 | 68,007 | 9,819410-4 | 7,860810-3 | 311,38 | 1,6135 | 9,70282 | 7,6944 | ||
246,74 | 51,558 | 7,2796 | 5,8276 | 314,89 | 2,2165 | 9,69676 | 1,045210-5 | ||
252,20 | 39,306 | 5,4294 | 4,3465 | 318,36 | 3,0248 | 9,69071 | 1,4109 | ||
257,66 | 30,169 | 4,0792 | 3,2656 | 321,78 | 4,0956 | 9,68466 | 1,8900 | ||
271,28 | 15,949 | 2,0482 | 1,6397 | 330,17 | 8,4977 | 9,66957 | 3,8218 | ||
274,00 | 8,6249 | 1,0966 | 8,778810-4 | 331,82 | 1,599710-2 | 9,65452 | 7,1585 | ||
253,40 | 2,4597 | 3,381610-5 | 2,7071 | 319,11 | 4,8749 | 9,62452 | 2,268410-4 | ||
219,15 | 5,949410-1 | 9,457610-6 | 7,571210-5 | 296,76 | 1,547510-1 | 9,59466 | 7,7433 | ||
185,00 | 1,1361 | 2,1393 | 1,7126 | 272,66 | 5,9202 | 9,56494 | 3,224110-3 | ||
185,00 | 1,8808 10-2 | 3,541810-7 | 2,835410-6 | 272,66 | 3,575910-2 | 9,53536 | 1,947410-2 | ||
209,22 | 3,305. 10-3 | 5,505810-8 | 4,407510-7 | ― | ― | 9,50591 | ― |
.
|
|
:
1 /2 = 9,807 /2 = 735.104 . .;
1 .2/4 = 9,807/3
ν ,
ν = μ/ρ, μ = μ0(/0)3/2 ((0 + 110,4)/( + 110,4)),
,
g ,
l ( ).
105 102
- 102 10-1
10-2 10-5
10-6
6
H () () | () | ||||
I | St | ≤ 150 | ≤ 3 | , , , . f ≥ 95 %, 6 / | |
II | St (Sc) | 150 ≤ H ≤ 200 | ≤ 4 | , | , , , . 91-96 %, 8 / |
III | Sc | 200-400 | ≤ 8 | . | , , . 81 95 %, 10 / |
IV | Sc | 400-800 | ≤ 10 | . , , . , , | , . . |
V | Ns (Ns, St fr.) | ≥ 250 | ≤ 4 | 200- . ( 30 %) . . | , 12 /. 71-85 % |
7
|
|
1. | Ci | 4. | Cu |
- | Cs | Cufr | |
- | Cc | - | Cb |
2. - | Ac | 5. - | Ns |
3. | St | St | |
Stfr | |||
- | Frnb |
. 2.105 10 .
. 10 , 0,1 10 , 0,1 , .
. . , 100 104 1 . ., 200 500 6500 4000. . , . .
: 1 /3. -3 /3. - 5 /3.
, , 10 / 3.
24
, | , | , | , |
0,75 | |||
1,4 | |||
3,9 | |||
3400 (141 .) |
|
|
2
10-11 / .
100 ; 50 , 10 30 , 5 - ..
:
34 % 0,03 ,
65,8 % 0,3 ,
2,6 % 1 .
1 3 6.105 . 1 3 ~ 5 000 .
: 10 : , , , , ( ) .
0,2 , .
~ 2,5 ( ), 1 80 90 % , .
20 30 .
1023 /.
(1970 ) 1670 . ., 1140 . . . 1140 . . , 530 . .
15 20 0,3 0,2 .. 2,6 ..
, | , | |
< 0,2> | < 1,1.10-9 | |
0,2 0,8 | 1,4.10-6 | |
0,8 1,5 | 2,6.10-5 | |
1,5 3,0 | 4,7.10-4 | |
>3,0 | >4,7.10-4 | , |
-300 . 200 . 3 5 . 2 /3, 4 5 /3.