, ΖΕ, :
. () :
, Fe2+, Cu+, Mn2+. і sp3- , ( ), .. ,π-.
SR . .
(, , ") , .
, , , . :
1). (, , , ).
2). , R-SH, : 2 RSH → R-S-S-R + 2 ֿ+ 2 H+
(, ).
3). , R-COO + ArOH → ROOH + ArO ( ).
4). ( ), .
5). β- ( ), .
,
( . , , .)
| SN | AN | SN . |
| 1. CH2=CH-CH2Cl + NaOH 2. CH3- CH2-NH2 +CH3J 3. Cl CH2 COOH +NH3 4. C6H5CHClCH3 + CH3NH2 5. CH3CH2OH +KSH 6. CH3J + C6H5 NH2 7. CH3CH(OH)CH3 + HCl 8. + 9. + 10. 1,3- +NaOH | 1. + HCN 2. -1 + 3. + 4. + 5. 5- 6. + -2 7. 8. 9. -2 + 10. NaH | 1. + Ca(OH)2 2. + -1 3. + 4. + 5. + 6. + 7. 8. 9. 10. + |
| 1. 2--3- 2. 3- 3. 2- 4. 3- 5. | 1. : ) -2- ) 2. + Ag2O 3. + 4. + KMnO4 5. -2 + CuO 6. + 7. + ++ 8. + 9. + 22 10. + ++ | ) ) ) ) -2 ) ) ) aCl2 ) ) |
, - . 471-472, 440-441
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