, . , , .
, , (, Giddens, 1979; Parsons, 1951; Rohner, 1984; . Y. Kashima, 2000a). . , , - . , ( ) , . , , , , , . , , .
. , - ( , , ). ,
. . , , (, , ), . , , , , .
, , . , ( ), () . . (Frege, 1984), , . , , , , , . (sense). , 1.
, , , , . , (Lakoff & Johnson, 1979) , . . , , . 1994 (. Y. Kashima & Callan, 1994; Shore, 1996) , . , (narrative) (Burner, 1990; Y. Kashima, 1998a).
|
|
, , , , , . : - - (Y. Kashima, 2000; . Matsumoto, Kudoh & Takeuchi, 1996). - . , , . -
(sense) . (cultural meaning) , . . . .
, . - , - .
- . , (Triandis, 1972) , (: 4), . (Geertz, 1973) ... [ , , ] (. 14). , , , . , . , .
, , , , (Hofstede, 1980; Triandis, 1995), , . , (Geertz, 1984, . 126) , , , , .
|
|
(Vygotsky, 1978; Wertsch, 1985) - . (Cole, 1996), (Greenfield, 1997), (Lave & Wenger, 1991), (Rogoff, 1990), (Valsiner, 1989) (Wertsch, 1991). , , , (, ). (Boesch, 1991) - (Poortinga, 1992) , , . (Bourdieu, 1977) (Giddens, 1979), . (Ortner, 1984) .
( Rogoff & Chavajay, 1995). (Cole, 1996),
, - (, , , ), , . (, - ), , , , , , , , , .
- . -, - . - , , ( ). - , , ( , ), . , , - , , , - .
-, - . - , , , , . , . , , . - , ( ) . . (, , , , ), .
|
|
-, . - , , . , . - ,
. , , . , , , , .
. . - . - . . (, , ). , , .
- . , . , , (are enculturated), , - . , . , , - , . , , , - , - , (., IJahoda, 1980] [Cole, 1996]).
, - - . , . , . , , . , ,
, - , , , .