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1940- . . (Culliton, J. 1948) [3] "marketing mix" ( ) , - . 1953 "marketing mix" ( , Neil H. Borden). 50- . 12 : , , , , , , , , , , , . (Albert W. Frey) 1961[4] , : (, , , , ), - ( , , , PR).

1964 (Jerry McCarthy) [5] 4P - , , , () . ( ?) "". "4", ( ). "4", 1965 The Concept of the Marketing Mix, [6]. , .

1981 . . (Bitner, J. and Booms, B.) [7], , "P": , .

1990 (Bob Lauterborn) [8] "4".

2005 . . (Chekitan S.Dev Don E. Schultz) SIVA, "4P". . (Otilia Otlacan) [9] 2P+2C+3S

 

4P Product, Price, Place, Promotion , , /, (Jerry McCarthy), 1964
4P+1S Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Service , , /, ,  
5P Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Personnel , , /, ,  
Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Package , , /, ,  
Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Publicity , , /, ,  
5P+1S Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Personnel, Service , , /, , ,  
6P Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Personnel, Publicity , , /, , ,  
7P Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, Physical Evidence , , /, , , , . . (Bitner, J. and Booms, B.), 1981
10P Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Personnel, Package, Purchase, Probe, Public Relations , , /, , , , , ,  
12P Product, Price, Place, Promotion, PR, People, Personnel, Process, Package, Purchase, Physical Premises, Profit , , /, , , , , , , , ,  
4C Customer needs and wants, Cost to the customer, Communication, Convenience , , , (Bob Lauterborn), 1990
4A Acceptability, Affordability, Availability, Awareness , , ,  
4E thics, sthetics, motions, ternities , , , " "
SIVA Solution, Information, Value, Access , , , . . (Chekitan S.Dev Don E. Schultz), 2005
2P+2C+3S Personalisation, Privacy, Customer Service, Community, Site, Security, Sales Promotion , , , , , , (e-marketing), Otilia Otlacan, 2005

 





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