.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, , . (), , , . (. 3.15), , , (. 3.16). -, : . : , , . , , , "", - .

. 3.15. .

. 3.16. .

: , , [8]. : , , , , , . -, , .

UNIX. - - .

"" (). , , , , . , ( ) , (, -). .

, , . , , , . : , , . ., .

, , - . , , , (, ). , .

, "" : - . - account, "". , , . , : - . , , .

(account) - , . , .

.

- , . , . , . .

(login name) - , (, ).

- UID (User ID). UID - , [9]. , . , . , UID "0" "100" [10].

, UID - , . . .

, . . , , , - GID (Group ID). - . , [11], . , .

( ) . , , . , - , .

, , . . , , .

: . - ( ). , . , , . , , bash.

( , , ) - , "" . :

1. ;

2. - ;

3. .

""

, - "0". UID=0 root (., ""). root - "" , root , . "" . "" # (. 3.17), $ (. 3.18).

. 3.17. "" .

 

. 3.18. .

 

UID=0 , , , . root . root , : .

root .

: . . ( , ). - . . . , .

(authentication)

, , (authentication, " "). , , , . , , . , , . : , , ( , ), . , (, ), , . autologin. , . , autologin , . :

1. , , , , - .

2. .

3. ( ), . autologin , , . , , , .

, , autologin , , (, ).

. , : ( , ) . , . , ( ) .

- .

Alt+F2 (F3, F4 ..), 2 (. 3.19):

. 3.19. 2.

 

(. 3.16 . 3.19) , - , .

" ttyN ", " N " - . , virtual console - , .

, , Ctrl+Alt+F7. . , ( ) , . - , .

, ( "" ) , . , . Ctrl+Alt+F7 - Ctrl+Alt+F9.

, Ctrl+Alt+FN, " N " - .

, , : , (, ), , . , , , , , "" .

, , , . , . . , , , , .

, , logout (. 3.20).

. 3.20. logout.

 

(. 3.16 . 3.19).

, "" , - Ctrl+D. Ctrl+D , . , , . Ctrl+D , "" , . logout.

, , , . - TCP/IP . , . (, Ethernet), . ifconfig (. 3.21).

. 3.21. .

( ). Ethernet ethN, N - , 0 (eth0).

 
 


Link encap . . 3.21 Ethernet Local Loopback.

HWaddr ( HardWare address, ) . Ethernet MAC-address ( Media Access Control, ), , . Ethernet- MAC-address (. 3.21 eth0 - 08:00:27:05:21:FA, eth1 - 08:00:27:27:AB:77), Ethernet-. , , FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. , , MAC- MAC-, .

"Media Access Control" , . :

1. . , . , .

2. . , , , , , . , .

3. . , . , . - , , , , .

. -, , . -, Ethernet , , . Ethernet, , , , , . .

inet addr ( Internet address ) IP ( IPv4), (. 3.21 eth0 - 192.168.11.1, eth1 - 192.168.1.101, lo - 127.0.0.1).

Bcast ( Broadcast - ) IP-, , (. 3.21 eth0 - 192.168.11.255, eth1 - 192.168.1.255).

Mask ( ) - IPv4, IP- , (. 3.21 eth0 - 255.255.255.0, eth1 - 255.255.255.0, lo 255.0.0.0).

MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) (), .. , OSI (. 3.21 eth0 - 1500 , eth1 - 1500 , lo - 16436 ).

Metric ( ). (routing metric) . , .. .

RX TX , ( RX Receive Data - ) ( TX Transmit Data - ) (packets) (bytes) (. 3.21 eth0 RXpackets:665 665 , TXpackets:4 4 ), (. 3.21 eth0 RXerror:0 0 , TXerror:0 0 ), (. 3.21 eth0 RXdropped:0 0 , TXdropped:0 0 ), (. 3.21 eth0 RXoverruns:0 0 , TXoverruns:0 0 ), (. 3.21 eth0 RXframe:0 0 ), (. 3.21 eth0 TXcarrier:0 0 ).

collisions (. 3.21 eth0 0 ).

txqueuelen (. 3.21 eth0 1000 ), , .

Interrupt (. 3.21 eth0 10, eth1 - 9).

Base address (. 3.21 eth0 D020, eth1 - D060).

 
 


ifconfig. :

ifconfig eth1 192.168.11.101 eth1 IP- 192.168.11.101.

IP- alias (). :

ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.11.111 eth1 alias 1 IP- 192.168.11.111.

, , . , . eth0 ifcfg-eth0, eth1 - ifcfg-eth1, .. ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts, .. eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0, eth1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1. ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 Vim. eth0 Vim

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

eth1 Vim

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

Vim (. 3.22), .

. 3.22. Vim .

 

, . :

1. , :





:


: 2016-11-12; !; : 7169 |


:

:

.
==> ...

1030 - | 877 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.058 .