. 1.10.
) = {4, 5, 6}, ={2,4, 6}.
B ={2,4, 5,6}.
) - , 2, - , 3:
A = {2,4,6,...}, B={3,6,9,...}.
A B , 2 3:
= {2, 3,4, 6, 8, 9,10,...}.
\ , , :
, -, (.. 2- ), -, , ..:
\Y = Y\X. .
1.11.
) A = {4, 5, 6}, ={2,4, 6}.
\ = {4,5}, \= {2}.
6) X={a,b,d},Y={b,d,e,h}.
X\Y={a}.
Y\X=\e,h}.
+ :
A+B = (A\B) (B\A).
( 1.4).
1.12.
) A = {4,5,6},B={2,4,6}.
\={4,5},\= {2}, + = {2,4,5}.
) ={, b, d), Y={b, d, e, h},X+ = {, , h).
U .
U, A: A=U\A.
1.13.
- . U - - .
.
. . ,
( ), ( \ ) + - .
1. - .
2. -
3. ,
4. . .
) ( );
) ( ).
5. .
6. .
.
1.19.
= {3, 6,..., 3n,...} , .. - , N.
.
1.20.
= {, 1,..., n,...} , = {0, 1,..., -n,...} ,
= A B ={..., -n,...- 2, -1,0,1,2,..., ,...} .
, .. p/q, q , .
= {1 2,...} = {b 1 b 2,...} - , = {(a k, b ), k =1,2,...; n = 1,2,...} .
|
|
1.21.
( k ) - (qk, bn). , .