План
I. Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное дополнение». Особенности перевода.
II. Особенности перевода слова due и сочетаний с ним.
III. Особенности перевода соединительного союза which.
I. Конструкция «сложное дополнение» – это существительное или местоимение в объектном падеже + инфинитив. Данная конструкция употребляется после сказуемого, выраженного следующими глаголами: would like, to want – хотеть; to know – знать; to think – думать; to believe – считать, полагать; to consider – считать; to suppose – полагать, считать; to presume – полагать, допускать; to expect – ожидать, предполагать; to find – находить и некоторых других в действительном залоге.
На русский язык «сложное дополнение» переводится придаточным предложением с союзами что, чтобы, при этом инфинитив английского предложения передается сказуемым русского предложения. Например:
Some economists consider minimum wage to reduce jobs for unskilled workers. – Некоторые экономисты полагают, что минимальная заработная плата уменьшает количество рабочих мест для неквалифицированных работников.
После глаголов to let (позволять, разрешать) и to make (заставлять, принуждать) инфинитив в конструкции «сложное дополнение» употребляется без частицы to: They made him close the company on the grounds of not sufficient turn-over. – Его вынудили закрыть компанию на основании недостаточного денежного оборота.
Задание 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая особенности перевода конструкции «сложное дополнение»:
1. We know many newly industrialized countries to have weak trade unions.
2. The developing countries want the rich countries to stop imposing tariffs on imports from the Third World.
3. Economists consider land to be the factor of production supplied by nature.
4. As the prices of fuels rise, we expect their production to expand.
5. Some businessmen think trade union regulations to result in fewer jobs.
6. A rise in the price of a unit of labour will make the firm start using a more capital-intensive technology (капиталоемкая технология).
7. Higher prices for oil make research laboratories work at substitutes for oil.
8. The command economy does not let an individual make free economic decisions.
9. Increased output per worker in agriculture lets more workers be transferred from agriculture to industry.
10. Allocation of additional capital lets a high level of production be maintained with fewer workers.
11. When market conditions change, economists expect the price for land to vary.
12. Too high cost of imported cotton (хлопок) has made a lot of textile enterprises close down in Russia.
13. Economists believe the availability of labour to be an essential requirement for economic activity.
14. Private-sector producers consider profitability to be the most essential condition of their business.
15. In a supermarket, the seller chooses the goods and the prices making buyers decide how much they want to make a purchase in this particular place.
16. Economists say demand for non-essential goods to be particularly inelastic.
17. A decrease in prices for energy could let farmers improve technology rapidly.
18. High oil prices make consumers purchase substitute commodities.
19. The sellers know these factors to influence consumers’ decision to buy.
20. The manager expects the new equipment to increase productivity.
II. Запомните следующие особенности перевода слова due и сочетаний с ним:
due – надлежащий, соответствующий
due to – вследствие, благодаря
to be due to – объясняться, обусловливаться
Задание 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая особенности перевода слова due и сочетаний с ним:
1. The growth of labour force due to growing numbers of women workers results in higher unemployment.
2. The increase in the value of fuel exports was due mainly to the rise in oil prices after 1973.
3. The Prime Minister says due steps will immediately be taken in order to control inflation.
4. Economists believe that all governments will pay due attention to economic problems caused by growing scarcity of natural resources.
5. Due to a wage increase, more capital-intensive technologies may become substitutes for labour.
6. Employment among young men is very low in Germany, which is due to the government's subsidies for education.
III. Обычно соединительный союз which служит для присоединения определительного придаточного предложения и на русский язык переводится который, однако существуют случаи, когда союз which относится ко всему предыдущему предложению и переводится союзом что. Например:
Economists know reduced supplies of non-renewable resources to result in their higher prices which provides an incentive to look for natural or synthetic substitutes for them. – Экономистам известно, что сокращение запасов невозобновимых ресурсов приводит к повышению цен на них, что является стимулом к поиску их естественных или синтетических заменителей.
Задание 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая особенности перевода союза which:
- The government did not pay due attention to the economists' recommendations, which led to lower economic growth.
- Some economists expect world population to reach 12-13 billion as soon as 2020-2025, which will require much more non-renewable resources than at present.
- The consumer incomes have risen, which has resulted in lower demand for inferior goods.
- Under conditions of food shortage a government might impose a price ceiling on food, which will let poor people buy adequate quantities of food.
- The relative cost of using capital and labour in rich and poor countries affects the manner in which goods and services are produced.
- In the 1980s, the Finnish government offered a subsidy to landowners for afforestation, which was a disincentive for them to go on using land for farming.
- The land used formerly (ранее) for mining is being transferred to farming and afforestation, which is to improve the environment.
- Profits are maximized at the output level at which marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue.
- Unemployment benefits provide disincentives to looking for a new job, which increases unemployment.
- Trade unions let workers participate in many types of political activities, which is essential for protecting their interests.
- About 60 percent of the world's population live in poor countries, the two largest of which are India and Indonesia.
- Investors try to buy the resources now before their supplies have been used up, which will send up prices.
