| 1) order | a money held at a bank for a clients use whenever he wishes to take it; |
| 2) account | b the use of a machine, idea, etc. for a practical purpose; |
| 3) customer | c a request (as to a tradesman) to supply goods; |
| 4) database | d one who buys goods from another; |
| 5) a storehouse | e a pool of raw data stored in such a way that parts of it can be selected, changed, used in calculations and transformed into useful information for end users; |
| 6) contents | f the words or ideas that are written in a book, letter etc. |
| 7) simulation | g something that can give you a lot of information, methods etc. |
| 8) application | h the technique of using artificial data to reproduce conditions that can occur in the work of a system. |
Ex. IV. Comprehension check. Say whether the sentences are true or false:
1. A transaction processing system accepts valid transactions from the management information systems.
2. A corporate database is like a vast storehouse of facts required by several organizations.
3. The decision support system can produce only a printed report useful for managers.
4. Invalid transactions are accepted for further processing.
5. A database created for a small set of users is called an application database.
6. DSS makes decisions for tactical management.
Ex. V. Here are the answers. Make out the questions.
1. Transaction processing management information and decision support systems.
2. To ensure that it is accurate and complete.
3. They are rejected.
4. To identify opportunities for improvement or determine alternative courses of actions.
5. By creating copies of the database.
6. To help make decisions.
7. To simulate what will happen under different conditions.
Ex. VI. Find the examples of infinitives and participles in the previous text. State their forms and functions. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
Ex. VII. Present the text as a diagrammatic display and speak about different types of information systems looking at your diagram.
Ex. VIII. Translate into English.
, . , (), , , . (ʲ) , , , . () , , .
-, , . , . , - . - - : , , , , . . ᒺ .
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Part II
Ex. I. Choose the correct word:
Macroeconomics/microeconomics is concerned with how working, spending, and investing decisions affect all out lives. It tends to be more flexible, being chiefly interested in describing the economy we live in.
Ex. II. Read the following text:
Economic Environment
The following text takes a broad but simple look at the large effects of the economy the macroeconomics environment on marketing organizations.
From industry to industry and from firm to firm, the meaning and actual effect of different factors and indicators in the economic environment will vary. To complicate matters, economists and statisticians follow hundreds of variables in the microenvironment and often project trends with sophisticated mathematical models. We have chosen three of the most fundamental economic variables to investigate, variables that affect the ability of almost all firms to market their products: the gross national product, consumers disposable and discretionary incomes, and interest and inflation rates.
Gross National Product
The most fundamental measure of the economys overall performance is the gross national product (GNP) the total market value of all goods and services produced in an economy in a given year.
In the USA the GNP is typically expressed in two ways. Measured in current dollars, the GNP reflects actual prices, as they exist each year; measured in constant dollars, GNP reflects the actual data adjusted to the prices of the arbitrarily chosen previous year.
Although GNP is a very broad indicator of the state of the national economy, it has significant drawbacks. It does not take into account the growth of leisure time, the quality and variety of goods and services, or the distribution of total output among society members all factors of concern to marketing planners.
Personal Income
Personal income is a total income received by people from all sources. It is usually reported either per capita or per household and is important to marketers because it is a crucial measure of consumers buying power.
Since people must pay taxes out of their incomes, income is also reported as disposable income, the amount left after taxes. In addition, government statisticians report on discretionary income, money left after people pay not only for taxes but also for such necessities as food, shelter, and clothing. To marketers of bread and milk, the amount of disposable income remaining to an individual or household is an important economic indicator; producers of stereos and microwave ovens find data on discretionary income more useful.
Americans, for example, spend about 95% of their disposable income for personal consumption and save the rest. Of the money spent on personal consumption during the last several decades, an increasing amount has been devoted to services rather than goods. Although every household has slightly different spending priorities, on average about $70 out of every $100 goes on necessities food, housing, transportation, household operations, and medical care.
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