1. , , .
Active Voice | Passive Voice | |
Indefinite Gerund | asking reading | being asked being read |
Perfect Gerund | having asked having read | having been asked having been read |
She likes reading detective stories. | . |
He dislikes being interrupted. | , . |
He thinks of going to the South. | . |
Perfect Gerund , -:
I remember having seen this film some years ago. | , . |
I remember having been told about this film. | , . |
2. :
Reading scientific literature is useful. | . |
3. :
Reading fluently is very important. | . |
1. , .
2. , .
! , , , , . |
1. ; :
Studying is the way to knowledge. | . |
Reading books is useful. | . |
2. :
) ; .
The only way to know the distance is measuring it. | . |
) :
They began building houses. | . |
3. ( ); , :
He likes reading. | . |
Thank you for your having come. | , . |
We insisted on the meeting being put off. | , . |
4. :
) ; :
smoking room | , ; |
boiling point | ; |
) of for; :
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I dont like his manner of reading. | . |
There are different ways of obtaining this substance. | . |
5. ( in, on, upon, before, after, by, without, etc.); : ) ; ) ; ) .
After having obtained good results they stopped experiments. | ) , . ) . |
In copying the text he made a few mistakes. | ( ), . |
We enrich our knowledge by reading books. | , . |
! : |
by | , , |
for | |
through | , - |
before | |
after | |
without | |
in | |
on (upon) | , , |
instead of | |
in spite of | |
in addition to | |
because of | - |
with a view to |
:
In making observations | |
Upon returning to the Earth |
, :
to avoid | |
to delay | , , |
to deny | , |
to deserve | |
to dislike | |
to enjoy | , |
to excuse | , |
to finish | , |
to forgive | |
to mention | , |
to miss | , |
to mind | ( ) , |
to start | |
to stop | , |
to practice | , |
to postpone | , |
to need | , |
to want | , |
to require | |
to suggest | |
to be busy | - |
to be worth | , - |
cant help | () |
its no use |
! to want, to need, to deserve, to require, worth (active gerund), : |
My watch needs repairing.
! : |
to be astonished at | |
to be disappointed at | |
to be surprised at | |
to assist in | |
to be interested in | |
to consist in | |
to result in | , |
to succeed in | , |
to approve of | |
to dream of | -, - |
to hear of | , |
to inform of | , |
to know of | -, - |
to speak of | -, - |
to think of | -, - |
to be afraid of | |
to be capable of | , |
to be fond of | |
to be proud of | |
to be tired of | |
to count on (upon) | |
to depend on (upon) | |
to go on (upon) | |
to keep on (upon) | - |
to insist on (upon) | - |
to rely on (upon) | , |
to get used to | |
to look forward to | , |
to object to | , |
to give up | , |
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