. ., , , ., .
(. masking of temperament) , ; , , . , . . . ; . .
(. temperature sense, thermal sense, thermic sense) , , , . . . . . . . .
. ., , . . , . . , , . . , . , , . . , , .
(. temperature sensations) ; . . . . . . : (., 40 C) , . (20 C), (30 C), , . , , , . 16 42 C . (. .)
(. theories of color vision). . . . 3 .
1. . , ( ) 3 , (), () () . XX . ,. , ., , .
|
|
2. . . , 3 , , : -, - -. , , .
3. , . 1- ( ) , 2- , ( 3- ) . (. . .)
(. theory) , .-. . . , . . , .
. (,, , , ), . . : 1) ;2) , ; 3) . ; 4) .; 5) . , ; 6) , . (). . . . , . (. . .)
(. dual-code hypothesis) ( . ), 2 : . ; , , , , . (. . .)
|
|
( ) (. Luce's psychophysical model) , . . . .
. . . : ( ), ( ). . ., 2 (D) (). . . . . , . , . . . , D , , . . ., . . , , .
. . . . , 2 (D ), . , , . 1- . 2- . D. 1- , . 2- , ; . , .
, . () 2 . , , , , D . . 2- , 1. . ., , , 1- , , , 2- . 2 , , . , , , . . , , , . . . (. . .)
. .
(. cognitive dissonance theory; . cognition + dissonance , ) - , . (1957) . . (, , ) . . . . , , .
|
|
, , , , , . . , . . . . , () , , . . . . : -, , , ; , : , . .
. ., , , , . . ., . . , . , . , ( , , ). ( ): , : , , ; ( ). , . . ., , , , . , , , , . ., .
. . . , -. (Heider, 1896-1988), -. (. .)
. .
(. signal-detection theory) . .
( . . ) , , . : 1) (. );2) , (, , );3) (, .) (. ).
. . . . . 4 : ; ; (, .); .
|
|
, ; - . . , . , .. ., .
. . . . . , , ( ), . . () , ; , , . .
(. prototype theory) ( ) (), (., , ). : ( ); ( ). , , , . , ; . . . (. . .)
. (1950, 1963), () , 8 () . (, , ), , , (, 1963). . . . . . , ; , . . . . ( ); , (). , . ., (basic trust vs. mistrust): (hope), . . .
. . . , . , . ., 8 , , 28 = 256, . . . , . , . , . . . . . 8 :
1. (basic trust vs. mistrust): (hope) , (. ). , . , . , . , , , . . . . .
|
|
2. (autonomy vs. shame, doubt): (will) , (1-3 ). , , , . . . , , , , ( ). , (), , . , , , .
3. (initiative vs. guilt): (purpose) , (3-6 ). , () , , , ; , .
4. (industry vs. inferiority): (competence) , (6-12 ). , , .
5. (identity vs. role diffusion, role confusion): (fidelity) , , , , , , , , . . , . . .
6. () (intimacy vs. isolation): (love) ( ). , , . , , , , . , .
7. (generativity vs. stagnation): (care) , (). . () .
8. (ego integrity vs. despair): (wisdom) 8 , , , , , . . . , .
, 20-25 , 2 . , . . . (., Levinson, 1978, 1986; Peck, 1968; Vaillant, 1977). (. .)
. . (. . , . . , . . .). , . , , . , . 1- . , 2-3- . , (, , .). , , , .
(. self-perception theory) ( ) , . . - (D. J. Bem, 1967, 1972), , , , . . (. .)
. .
. , . .
(. theory of levels of processing) ( ), . . (F. Craik, R. Lockhart, 1972) (framework) . . . ., . , . . ; , . , . (. . .)
. . ., .
(. theory of template matching) ( ) (, ). ( ) () . , , . , . . . . . (. . .)
(1896-1965) . , . . . ,. - . . . ., , . . , (. ). . - ( , ) . . . . (. . .)