. (Active Voice) , , .
e.g. He often asks questions. .
(Passive Voice) , , .
e.g. He is often asked questions. .
to be Participle II ( II) .
(Passive Voice)
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| to be(am, is, are, was, were,...) + III- (-ed ) | ||||
| Present | I + am III he, she, it + is III we, you, they + are III | I + am being III he, she, it + is being III we, you, they + are being III | I, we, you, they + have been III he, she, it + has been III | ----- |
| : | I am asked | I am being asked | I have been asked | |
| Past | I, he, she, it + was III we, you, they + were III | I, he, she, it + was being III we, you, they + were being III | I, he, she, it, we, you, they+ had been III | ----- |
| : | I wasasked | I was being asked | I had been asked | |
| Future | I, we + shall be III he, she, it, you, they + will be III | ----- | I, we + shall have been III he, she, it, you, they + will have been III | ----- |
| : | I shall be asked | I shall have been asked | ||
| Future in the Past | I, we + should be III he, she, you, they + would be III | ----- | I, we + should have been III he, she, it, you, they + would have been III | ----- |
| : | I should be asked | I should have been asked |
.
| Active | Passive |
| Mary helps John.- . | John is helped by Mary. - . |
| Mary helped John. - . | John was helped by Mary. - . |
| Mary will help John. - . | John will be helped by Mary. - . |
| Mary is helping John. - . | John is being helped by Mary. - () . |
| Mary was helping John. - . | John was being helped by Mary. - . |
| Mary has helped John. - . | John has been helped by Mary. - . |
| Mary had helped John before Mother came. - . | John had been helped by Mary before Mother came. - . |
| Mary will have helped John. - . | John will have been helped by Mary. - |
|
|
|
, :
:
John isn't helped by Mary. - .
not :
John hasn't been helped by Mary. - .
( ) :
Is John helped by Mary? - ?
Has John been helped by Mary? - ?
, can (could), may (might), should, ought .. , :
We must finish our work as soon as possible. - .
Our work must be finished as soon as possible. - .
You ought to translate this article at once. - .
This article ought to be translated at once. - .
, , by:
The book was written by O.Wilde. - ..
, , with:
The room was filled with smoke. - .
The finger was cut with a knife. - .
, by-phrase, .. , : to follow, to overtake, to seize, to visit, to govern, to characterize, to attract, to control, to rule, to influence, to confront, to attend, to accompany, to join, to cause, to bring about, to mark ..:
is followed by the police. - .
: ) ; ) -; ) - .
. :
hear of -
laugh at -
look after - (-)
look at -
rely on -
send for -
speak of (about) -
pay attention to -
take care of -
e.g. The book is much spoken about. .
He can't be relied on. .
:
to listen to - -, -
to look for - -
to provide for - -, -
to explain to - -
e.g. He was listened to with great attention. .
2
1. , Present, Past or Future Simple Passive. .
|
|
|
1. Bread (to eat) every day.
2. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.
4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.
5. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
6. This work (to do) tomorrow.
7. These trees (to plant) last autumn.
8. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.
9. Hockey (to play) in winter.
10. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
11. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
.
1. Many students visit Smolensk.
2. Columbus discovered America.
3. Mr. Black invited me to dinner.
4. The police have arrested the thief.
5. Millions of people speak English..
6. Many tourists will visit London next year.
7. Mrs. Black uses the car every day.
8. Our teacher showed us the school.
9. The mechanics are repairing the bus.
10. Somebody asked him on the phone.
