.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


,




F(x, y)=0, x . (1) , , . : 2 + 3 = 0, 2 + 2 25 = 0,

sin x + sin y 1 = 0.

(1) , . : ( + )2 - 2 - 2 - 2 = 0, ( + )( - ) - 2 + 2 = 0.

(1) (; ), , .

. α.


. (1) α ( ), , α, , .

(1) α, , (1) () α.

α (1),

F (P, φ) = 0, .

 

6. :

  • ;

, , . α, , . .

       
 
=tg α
   
(1)
 


 

 

, , .

(2)
y=kx+b
" (; ). BN NM, , r BNM . . MC C BM <=>, NM BN : . NM=CM-CN=CM-OB=y-b, BN=x => (1), , (; ) <=>, : =>

 

(2) . K=0, y = b.

  • , ;

(4)
1 (1; 1) 2 (2; 2). (3) (; ) 2 (2; 2), 2-1=k(2 - 1). k (3), : . , 12, :

 

1 = 2 , = 1. . 1 = 2, , 1 2, , = 1.

  • , ;

(3)
y y1 = k(x x1)
(2), b . 1 (1; 1), (2): 1 = kx1 + b. b (2), :

 

 

. 1 (1;1) , .. ,

1 = 0. (3), (3) k k ∞.

  • , ;

(5)
x + y + = 0
. :

 

 

, , (5) , , ( ≠ 0 ) .

.

. , : = kx + b, .. (5),

A = k, B = -1 C = b. , , α , .

 

= α, .. (5), = 1, = 0, = - α. .

. (5), ≠ 0.

≠ 0, (5) . , = kx + b, .. (2) .

= 0, ≠ 0 (5) . α,

= α, .. .

, , .

+ + = 0 , .. .

1) = 0; + = 0 , .

2) = 0 ( ≠ 0); + = 0 .

3) = 0 ( ≠ 0); + = 0 .

+ + = 0 , , , ≠ 0. :

(6)

 

 

(6) . b , . .

  • ;

x + y + = 0 , (5) x cos α + y sin α p = 0 (7)

.

(5) (7) , (1 + 1 + 1 = 0

2 + 2 + 2 = 0 => ) . , (5) , + + = 0, (7) ..

= cos α, MB = sin α, MC = - P (8)

, :

2 (2 + 2) = cos 2 α + sin2 α = 1

(9)

, , .

. = 0, .

 

.

 

L 1 L2. L1 y = k1x + b1,

k1 = tg α1, L2 y = k2x + b2, k2 = tg α2. φ L1 L2: 0 ≤ φ < π. α1, α2, φ: α2 = α1 + φ φ = α2 - α1 =>

,

 

 
 

 


(1)

 

(1) . π φ.

 





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