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. . , 1596-1650, .
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i, j, k (|i| = |j| = |k | = 1).
. x , Oy , Oz .
= { x, y, z}.
x, y, z
M(x, y, z).
.
A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2). AB = OB OA,
AB = {x2 x1, y2 y1, z2 - z1}.
.
:
.
.
.
AB λ. A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2 z2),
zMB
A
y
x
, , λ =1,
.
(,), . . , , . .
F(x,y) = 0 .
F(x,y) = 0, , , , .
(x, y) .
.
(a, b) r.
1 = r , .
- .
.
, M(x0, y0)
n = {A,B}.
n , n∙Mo M = 0. ,
A(x x0) + B(y y0) = 0 , .
, . , .
x + By + C =0. (x0, y0) .
Ax0 + By0 + C = 0.
A(x x0) + B(y y0) = 0. , M(x0,y0) n = {A, B}.
k1 = k2 |
y = kx + b, k = tg φ .
:
. |
:
o(xo, yo) s = { m, n }. s . M(x, y) .
|
|
oM = {x x0, y y0}, M0M ║ s. ,
(*) − , 0 .
1. A(x1, y1) B(x2, y2). s = { m, n }= A1A2 = {x2 x1, y2 y1}, M0(x0, y0} → A(x1, y1).
2. (*) :
, n/m = tg φ = k .
y y0 = k (x x0) |
- , .