. 4.12 . 4.13
,
β = p / p1 , . (4.34) p2 / p1 β (4.36), :
. (4.38)
(4.38) 1 v1 ,
, (4.39)
p, v. , .
(4.35), (4.36):
. (4.40)
h, s (4.31), h2 h, . .
. (4.41)
, , , . . (4.32): Mdv = ωdf + fdω, , dv / v = df / f + dω / ω,
. (4.42)
(4.42) , v, w.
, f 2, . 1 (. 4.14) v = φ(p2), . 2, (4.31), w = φ(p2).
2 > 2 , 1, , dw / w > dv / v. (4.42)
df / f < 0, . . f .
p2 < p, , , 1 , 2 . , dw / w < dv / v, df / f > 0 f .
2 . 4.14 3.
, : , . . 4.15. w
.
w , a. , w a. .
! .
. 4.14 . 4.15
, : , , . .
|
|
, ,
(. 4.16). , - . Δ , .
- .
,
:
. (4.43)
,
, (4.44)
. . .
h = cpT, cp = const, , 1 = 2. . , , -
. (4.45)
, - , . , , , .
( , T = 200 K) , .
.
h, s (. 4.17), , (, 3 4 3 4) , , . 3 -. p4 4 4 , h3 = h4 3.
1 2 , , 2 .
( 5) ( 6) 6.