. 3.9 . 3.10
, (. 3.9). , , . T, s , . 3.10.
v = const , 4 1 q2 = cv(T4 T1) 2 3 q1 = cv(T3 T2):
. (3.17)
v = const, (3.17) :
. (3.18)
1 2 :
, (3.19)
3 4:
. (3.20)
(3.19) (3.20) , T1 / T2 = T4 / T3,
. (3.21)
(3.21) (3.18),
, (3.22)
, (3.18) (, v1 / v2 = ε):
. (3.23)
(3.23) , ε, ht .
ε , , . , , , . ε 12 20.
. , 1897 . , , .
. , . , : = const. (. 3.11) .
. (3.24)
2 3 3 4,
. (3.25)
T4 / T1 ρ, 4 3 1 2:
; .
v4 = v1,
. (3.26)
(3.19), (3.25) (3.26) (3.24) :
. (3.27)
ε, , , ρ, , .
1904 . , , . ( 150 200 ), . .
|
|
. . 2 z q1v (. 3.12). . p, v q1p z 3.
.
(3.28)
(3.28) e, λ, ρ.
4 1, 4 3 1 2: ; , :
, (3.29)
λ = 3 / 2 xo . 2 z
. (3.30)
T3 / Tz = v3 / vz = ρ,
. (3.31)
(3.28) ,
. (3.32)
, ηt . , , v = const. , r = 1. (3.32) (3.23). , . . λ = 1. (3.32), (3.27) = const.
, s- (. 3.13). , q2 . e , . 2v , 2p 2 ( , e ). 3v, 3, 3
v = const, p = const .
q2 ηt = 1 q2 / q1 q1. (. . 3.13),
q1 > q1p > q1v, ηt > ηt p > ηt v.
, , , , . , , . ( ) ,
.
, = const, , - .
|
|