, , , , , :
HnA + H2O = H3O+ + Hn1A
H2O + Hn1A = H3O+ + Hn2A2
H2O + Hn2A2 = H3O+ + Hn3A3
H2O + HAn1 = H3O+ + An
:
2 *.
, , . . K1* > > K2* > K3* > > Kn* ~ 1/100000 . , - . , :
H2O + H3PO4 = H3O+ + H2PO4
H2O + H2PO4 = H3O+ + HPO42
H2O + HPO42 = H3O+ + PO43
5,9∙103; 6,2∙108; 4,8∙1013.
, - (. 4.3).
- , , :
[H3PO4] + [H2PO4] + [HPO42] + [PO43] = C
, , :
, , ,
:
:
α1 + α2 + α3 α0 = 1
. 4,2. .
, , ,
, .
. 4.2 α , , .
, , - , , .