,- , , . . ( , , , . .) , , . -- . , , .
. , . , . - .
, , . , , . = 2, = 22, = 23, = 2 n. n - 2 n . , (2 n 1) . : . t = 1 / f (f ) , (). .
. . , . : .
. () . .
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, , = 2 n ≠2 n.
, .
. , 2. . . , .
. . 13.8, JK -. , . 13.8, .
. 0.
. 13.8. () , ()
, , 1 . () t 1- . , . . . , , , , ( Q1 . 13.8, ). , , . . Q1 , Q1. Q1 . . Q2, Q\. Q2 Q1 (2-, 6-, 10- . .) t 2 > t 1( Q2 . 13.8, ).
Q2, Q3, , Q2. , Q3 : t 3 > t 2 ( Q3 . 13.8, ).
Q4 , Q3 ( Q4 . 13.8, ).
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. 13.2. , , , 2 1, .
. 13.2.
(t 4 > t 3 > t 2 > t 1). t 4 () , . , .
. . , , .
(. 13.9), , J K 1. 2 Q1= 1, 3 Q1 = Q2 = 1 ( q 1 = l)
. 13.9. JK -
4 Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = 1 ( q2= 1). 0110, Q1 = 0, Q2 = 1, Q3 = 1, Q4 = 0 , , q 1= q 2= 0. 7- , . 7- , Q1 = 1, 1 2 (q 1= q 2= 1). TT 2, TT 3 TT 4 , 0111 TT 1 1.
14 1110. Q1 = 0; Q2= Q3 = Q4 = 1; q 1= q 2= 0. 15- , 1 2 . Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q4 = 1, 1111, 16- , .
,
; t . ; t . .
. . J K (. 13.10).
. 13.10.
. JK - , . , . 4 . , . .
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. . . 13.11.
. 13.11.
(. . 13.8) , , . .
, 0. Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q4 = 1, 1111. , Q1=0. , 1110. Q1 = 1 Q2 = = 0, . 1101 . .
, , , , , .
13.4. -
. , 2, - K = 2 n. , 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 . .
K ≠ 2 n : , . , (. 13.12). -
. 13.12. -
, . n- (2 n 1) , 2 n, , , 1:
2:
:
. . , , = 2 n , . , , , . - , = 10. , , .
23= 8, 24 = 16, = 10 , . . = 4.
6 0110 ( ). , 4- 2- 3- .
- - . 13.13.
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. 13.13. -
- , , . . , . ( 155, 176, 511 .) . .
, , , .
5 10 . 5 . 13.14.
. 13.14.
. 13.3. , .
. 13.3.
.
. , , , - (. 13.1), 0 1. , 0 1, .
, , , . . 13.15, , 0 9 . , . , 9 ( ) 23 20. 22 21 .
. 13.15. () ()
, ( ) . . 13.16.
( ) = 2 , . 2 -1 < <2 .
. 13.16.
, .
1, 2 3 . 13.4.
= 23 = 8 (0, 1, 2,..., 7). . , . 13.4.
. 13.4.
, . 13.17, . , . 1 . , , 1 = 0 (1 ), 2 = 3 = 1, 1 3, 12x3 = 1, 0.
. , , , , ( ). , = 4...8.
. .
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. 13.17. () ()
, .
. 13.17, . , 0, 1,..., 7 , , . , , .
, . . =10 =210=1024 . 13.18.
, , . . . 13.19, - . - , , 1 7.
. 13. 18.
. 13.19. - () ,
()
-, -, . 13.19, . = 1 VT1 , a VT2 . VT1 , VT2 , -, , . = 0 VT2, a VT1 . -, . , 0 9.
. , 3. .