(), , , . , , , , . .
_____________________
* . 228 230.
. 11.11. -
. (. 11.11) :
() t ;
t , t ;
U;
;
U0;
ε, , :
(11.7)
Vmax = du/dt t = 0 Vmin = du/dt t = t p .
(), (), ξ, :
.
: () . .
( ) . (. 11.12). , R ,
, , S R , .
. 11.12.
S :
iC :
(11.9)
τ3 = R C .
, t , U
(11.10)
t = t p , .
|
|
τ = RC . R R τ τ3, : t < t .
. . 11.13 .
, , . U = . , : + → R → → . τ3 = CR .
, ri, . ( ) . τ = ri, ,
τ3, t < t .
. . 11.14 . R . , , .
, ε ξ. , (11.9)
. 11.13.
. 11.14.
:
:
Vm Vmin (11.7), :
(11.11)
t τ3, , t /τ3 , (11.11)
(11.12)
(11.10) (11.11)
,
(11.8)
(11.13)
, , . U 0 , (11.13)
.
ε = 1 % ξ = 1 %. , .
. , . .
. (ε < 1 %) .
|
|
(. 11.15) .
. 11.15.
VT . , . i 1 1 R3.
, , , (+) = 1 + (R2/R1). = (+) , R4 , R4 = = (+) C = uCR2/R1 = () . R4 = uCR2/R1 i2, , i1. ,
.
i1 , . () = R2/R1 > 1, R4 i2 . i 2 i1, . .
(. 11.16, ).
Rn U 0 (. 11.16, ). U 0= 0 U 0.
. 11.16. , (),
()
R . U 0 ≈ 0, , i =
= u / R u = = . U m,
. . , , . , ic ( (-) = u ii R). ( = (-) ), i.
VD . ( ), S, (. 11.17).
. 11.17.
, . .
, , , . , , , . ( max ) (u min ) .
|
|
, , .
. , . . 1 2 ≈ 0.
. . 11.18, .
. 11.18.
, . < U o, U 0< 0 = = U max. > U o U 0 > 0 = U min. U o . . 11.18, . U o , .
. 11.18, .
, , , , . , , .
(. 11.19, ) R VD1 VD2, = U max VD1 ` U + UVD.
. 11.19. ()
()
= U min VD2, ` .
( ) 0,6 . U = = 3 3,6 0,6 (. 11.19, ).
. , , . , U cp, U , , . , ∆U = U cp U .
. 11.20 () () U = 0. < 0, = U max, R1R2
< (+) . U (+) min U 1 , U min.
. 11.20. (), () ()
|
|
, , ( ) U .
U min , U (+) min, (11.15). U (+) min U 1, U max. U (+) min , U .
(11.14) (11.15) , U max U min U cp U ,
.
R1 R2.
, . . 11.20, .
U cp U , , . 11.21, .
. 11.21. ()
()
. 11.21, .
(. 11.22, ), (. 11.22, ). (. 11.22, ).
. U = 0 (. . 11.20, ) (. 11.23, ). (. 11.21, ) ,
(. 11.23, ).
. 11.22. (), () ()
. 11.23. ,
1. , - .
2. (. 11.3) (. 11.4, ).
3. (. 11.6), (. 11.7, ) (. 11.8).
4.
?
5. - ?
6. , 11.13 . 11.14?
7. , , . 11.15?
8. .
9. ?