1. ( ):
For two hundred days a year Murmansk is covered with snow, although in the south of the region the winter is slightly shorter.
The ice masses of the North Pole and the warmth of the Gulf Stream influence the weather. Professional meteorologists classify the climate of the Murmansk coast as moderate Atlantic-Arctic with mild winters and cool summers. On the other hand, the more southerly town of Kandalaksha has a continental climate, which differs from that in Murmansk.
The Polar Night officially begins on November 29th and lasts until January 15th. The hours of darkness last longer and longer until the longest night, which is on December 22nd. During this period you may see the unusual natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights. January and February are usually very cold. There are blizzards as well as gale force winds with average speeds of up to 15 metres per second. Hurricanes are also not uncommon and then the wind speed can reach more than 40 metres per second.
In Murmansk, Kola and Severomorsk severe frosts are accompanied by fog, which rises from relatively warm ice-free waters of the Gulf of Kola.
The sun only begins to shine on the Kola Peninsula in the middle of January. March is the brightest and sunniest month of the year. The skiing season begins and in April skiers can even get a sun-tan, but the real spring comes to Murmansk only in the end of April or the beginning of May. The official beginning of the Polar Day is May 22nd, when the sun doesnt set at all. The White Nights last until July 22nd.
Summer beyond the Arctic Circle is short. July is the warmest month, when the average temperature is 10 C (degrees above zero). Sometimes it can get to as hot as 30 C (degrees above zero). In the southern parts of the region hot weather is more common and every single year it is warm enough for people to swim. In the summer towns become deserted and most Northerners do their best to spend their holidays in the south of Russia.
August often marks the beginning of autumn. The weather turns drizzly. Autumn lasts until October. Gloomy days can sometimes be interrupted by a spell of lovely weather, an Indian summer or Babiye Lyeto, as it is known in Russia. The weather in October is cold and miserable before the first unwelcome snow starts to fall. From this time the sun hardly ever shines.
On the territory around the Gulf of Kola the average temperature in winter is -10 C (ten degrees below zero), although this figure can drop to -30 C. Winds make the frost unbearable. In the continental part of the peninsula winter temperatures are lower but they are easier to endure as the wind is not as damp as on the coast.
| to influence the weather on the other hand natural phenomenon the Northern Lights blizzard average per second hurricane severe frosts | the Kola Peninsula to get a sun-tan beyond the Arctic Circle spell of lovely weather miserable unbearable to endure |
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3. :
1. What influences the weather in Murmansk region?
2. How do professional meteorologists classify the climate of the Murmansk coast?
3. When does the Polar Night begin?
4. What natural phenomenon can you see during the Polar Night?
5. What is the brightest month of the year?
6. When does the skiing season begin?
7. How long do the White Nights last?
8. How can you characterize summer beyond the Arctic Circle?
9. What makes the frost unbearable?
10. Why is it easier to endure the low temperatures in the continental part of the peninsula?
London
1. ( ):
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.
London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London.
Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as "Big Ben".
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.
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On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library.
epoch
the Stock Exchange
the Old Bailey , -
St Paul's Cathedral . ( )
the Tower of London
a fortress
Westminster Abbey
a statesman
Westminster Palace (the Houses of Parliament)
( )
Big Ben " " ( - , )
Buckingham Palace
( )
Trafalgar Square
in memory of
the National Gallery ( )
the National Portrait Gallery
the British Museum ( )
2. :
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3. :
1. Is London one of the largest cities in the world?
2. What is the population of London?
3. Traditionally London is divided into several parts. Can you name them?
4. What do you know about the City?
5. Who was St Pauls Cathedral build by?
6. Who founded the Tower of London?
7. What is the historic, the governmental part of London?
8. What building has more historic associations than any other building in London?
9. Can you describe Trafalgar Square?
10. What are the most famous London museums and art galleries?
4. , ( ):
maze, modern music, tired, Buckingham Palace, shoppers, the Tower of London, the Natural History Museum.
When a man is tired of London, he is 1___ of life, Dr Samuel Johnson said. Over two hundred years later, Dr Johnson is still right! London is the place to be, with so many different things to do and places to visit. Here are a few.
You can visit 2___; the Queens London home and see the Changing of the Guard at 11 a.m. every day. In 3___ you can see the Crown Jewels and visit the place where many famous prisoners lived and died. You can take a boat trip on the Thames to Hampton Court, where Henry VIII lived with five of his six wives. In the gardens of the palace is a famous 4___, which is easy to get into but not so easy to get out of!
London is one of the best places to be on a rainy day (which is quite often!), because of all its museums and galleries. If you like machines, you must go to the Science Museum. Next door you will find 5___ with its excellent dinosaur exhibition.
London attracts 6___ from all over the world for the latest fashion. The main shopping area is in the West End, around Oxford Street. There are also famous street markets at Portobello Road, Camden Lock and Petticoat Lane where you can buy anything from jewellery to expensive antiques.
There is always a wide choice of plays to see at Londons many theatres in the West End around Covent Garden. There are many clubs with 7___ like house or jungle or more traditional music like salsa and samba. Music lovers can also find many places for top quality classical, jazz and pop music.
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Murmansk
1. ( ):
Murmansk is the administrative, transport, industrial and cultural centre of Murmansk region which is situated beyond the Polar circle. It's washed by the Barents Sea and the White Sea. It borders on Finland and Norway.
Murmansk is the biggest city in the region. Nearly 300000 people live here.
Generally, Murmansk has an interesting history. It was founded in the reign of the Romanov Tsar, Nicholas II and was originally called Romanov-on-Murman. In 1914 the first world war began. Our country needed a never-freezing sea port and a railway which connected this port with the capital of our country, because the other ports were occupied. That's why the decision to construct the sea port and the railway which connected St. Petersburg with the new port began here. It was called "Murmanka". At first there were the settlements of the railway builders, port builders and naval base builders. Joining together they formed a town with population about 10000. In 1917 the town was renamed Murmansk.
There are three administrative districts in Murmansk: Northern, Southern and Central. The centre of the city is Five Corners Square. It's called in such a way, because some time ago the roads here formed 5 corners, but now there are only four of them! Citizens like to go for a walk here. There is the Arctica Hotel in the centre of the square. At the beginning of the 1930s it was a wooden two-storeyed building. Now it's the highest building of the city.
There are 250 avenues, streets, squares in our city. At first it was planned to build 17 avenues and streets in the city. The central street on the plan was called Nicolaevsky Avenue, to the south of it Alexandrovsky, Michailovsky and Alexeevsky Avenues and Vladimirskaya and Olginskaya Streets were built and called in such a way in honour of the members of the tsar's family. Nowadays most of the streets have other names.
The most northern trolleybuses in the world travel along the streets of Murmansk. Murmansk is the scientific and educational centre of the polar region. Naturally, education is also a very high priority.
There are more than 60 institutions in Murmansk region. Many of them have friendly and educational links with similar establishments abroad. Young people can get special education and training at the Murmansk Maritime College, the Murmansk College of Music, the Murmansk Medical School and the Murmansk Teacher Training University.
Among the most important educational establishments are the Murmansk State Technical University. The world's famous sailing vessel "Sedov" belongs to the Technical University.
Besides educational establishments there is a Philharmonic Society and Musical College in Murmansk. There are also 14 culture centres and 6 musical schools in Murmansk.
As during World War II Murmansk was nearly destroyed during bombings it took some time to rebuilt the city after the war, that's why there are not so many old buildings in Murmansk, most of them were built in 50-60s.
You can also find a lot of monuments dedicated to heroes of the war such as a monument to the young hero of the Great Patriotic war Anatoly Bredov, Alesha (a monument in honour of all defenders of Kola Peninsular during World War II) and just famous people. One of the best monuments of our city is a sculpture of the Saint brothers Cyril and Methodius. They are the founders of Slavic written language. This monument is a gift from the Bulgarians to Murmansk. The monument is situated near the Public Library. In the left wing of the library there is the Murmansk Regional Puppet Theatre, which is the oldest in our city. It was founded in 1933. It is aimed both at children, and at adults. It is worth visiting. This theatre is loved by both children and adults. The theatre is considered to be one of the best puppet theatres in Russia. Besides Puppet Theatre there are two drama theatres in Murmansk: State Drama Theatre and Theatre of Northern Fleet.
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Murmansk is a sea port city. All of its large plants are connected with the sea. These include the Merchant Sea Port (founded in 1915). This very port gave the life to our city. Its first moorings were constructed in 1915 and accepted the first American ship "Drot" in the same year. The Murmansk plants are also connected with the Fish Processing Plant and the Murmansk Fishing Port.
There are also regular boat trips to the open sea and cruises to the islands of SpitsBergen and Novaya Zemlya and even to the North Pole.
There are a lot of places of entertainment in Murmansk such as cinemas (three cinema halls, the oldest is RODINA), dance clubs, cafes and restaurants, bowlings etc.
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| to border in the reign of settlement two-storeyed in honour of priority | establishment dedicated defender worth , consider connect |
2. :
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3. :
1. When was Murmansk founded?
2. How many administrative districts are there in Murmansk?
3. Where can young people get special education and training in Murmansk?
4. Are there many old buildings in Murmansk?
5. Can you name any monuments dedicated to heroes of the war?
6. What monument is a gift from the Bulgarians to Murmansk?
7. What theatre is considered to be one of the best theatres in Russia?
8. All large plants in Murmansk are connected with the sea, arent they?
9. Are there any boat trips to the open sea?
10. What places of entertainment in Murmansk can you name?
4. , ( ):
calendar; linked; foundation; the competitions; different countries; celebrated; merchant port; reminds.
If you havent seen Murmansk from the see, you dont know how lovely it can be. In Murmansk everything 1___ you of the sea. And the life of its people is 2___ with the sea in one way or another. Some of them are fisherman, others repair ships, work at the port. Murmansk has a large 3___. It was here that the town came into being. Ships call at the port round the year. The bay does not freeze usually. It is warmed by the Gulf Stream, so Murmansk is open to fishing trawlers round the year.
Official date of the towns 4___ is the 4th of October (21st of September) 1916. The word murman comes from the Saam words mur sea, and man land, shore. A town on the sea shore, which is perfectly correct and sounds poetically. Before the first hunts were built, the lord of these parts was pomor Semyon Korzhnev. Today lakes, a harbour and a mountain are named after him.
The Festival of the North known as the Polar Olympics has been 5___ since 1934. It was included in 1970 in the international 6___ of sporting events. Each spring sportsmen from 7___ take part in a grand event arranged to see off the winter sports season. The programme consists of skiing, slalom, ski jumping, ice hockey, figure skating. The most interesting features of this festival are reindeer races and 8___ in which reindeers pull men on skis. Inhabitants of the Saami village of Lovozero are the acknowledged masters of this rare sport. The Festival of the North is popular not only in Russia but also abroad.
Asking the Way
1. :
1
- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square?
- Certainly. Go down Regent Street to Piccadilly Circus. Then turn to the left and in less than a minute youll be in Trafalgar Square.
- Thank you very much. How far is it from here?
- If you walk, it will take you ten minutes or a quarter of an hour.
- Is there a bus?
- There is sure to be. But youd better ask the policeman over there. Hell give you all the information you want.
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- Thank you.
- Not at all.
* * *
- Excuse me, officer, is there a bus from here to Trafalgar Square?
- Yes, sir, any bus will take you. There is a bus stop just over there. Ask the conductor to put you down at Trafalgar Square.
- Thank you.
2
- Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the Monument?
- Turn round and turn left at the traffic lights.
- Will it take me long to get there?
- Oh, no. Its no distance at all.
- Thank you very much.
- Thats quite all right.
3
- Excuse me, but Im trying to find the British Museum.
- First left, second right. You cant miss it.
- Is it too far to walk?
- No, its only a couple of yards.
- Thanks very much.
- Thats all right.
4
- Could you tell me the way to Manchester Road, please?
- Yes, certainly. Go straight along this street, past the traffic lights and the Post Office.
- Yes.
- And then turn to the left and keep straight on until you come to some traffic lights.
- Yes.
- Turn right there and keep straight on until you come to Manchester Road.
- I see. I go straight along this street past the traffic lights and the Post Office
- Yes.
- And then I turn to the left, I think you said
- Yes. That is right. And after that you take the next turning to the right.
- Is it far?
- No, not really. Its about twelve minutes walk from here.
- Oh, itll take me more than that. Could I get there by bus?
- Yes, but in that case you must go a hundred yards back. Keep on this side of the street until you come to the bus stop. A 151 will take you right to Manchester Road.
- Thank you very much indeed.
- Its a pleasure, madam.
2. Asking the Way. :
| Can you tell me how to get to ? Can you tell me the way to ? Could you tell me where is? I think I am lost. Which bus goes to ? Does this bus go to ? What trolleybus should I take to get to..? How often does this bus go? How long will it take to get to ? Do I have to change anywhere? Where must I get off? Take bus number It takes about minutes. It goes every 15 minutes. There will be another one in 10 minutes. Go straight ahead for about two blocks. | Go along this road. Go past the post office. Go through the park. Go by bus (trolleybus). Go on foot. Turn left, right. Take 5 stops by bus. Take the second street on the right. Take the third turning to the left. Cross over the avenue at the traffic lights. Its on the corner. Its opposite the bus stop. Its just across the street. to get on/off the bus to miss the bus |
Shopping
1. ( ):
When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city, but most of them have a food supermarket, a department store, men's and women's clothing stores, a grocery, a bakery and
a butchery.
I like to do my shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell various goods under one roof and this is very convenient.
A department store, for example, true to its name, is composed of many departments: ready-made clothes, fabrics, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, linen, curtains, cameras, records, etc. You can buy everything you like there. There are also escalators in big stores which take customers to different floors.
The things for sale are on the counters so that they can be easily seen. In the women's clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful underwear and many other things.
In the men's clothing department you can choose suits, trousers, overcoats, ties, etc. In the knitwear department one can buy sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-sleeved pullovers, woolen jackets. In the perfumery they sell face cream and powder, lipstick, lotions and shampoos.
In a food supermarket we can also buy many different things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereal, and tea. At the butcher's there is a wide choice of meat and poultry. At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls, and biscuits.
Another shop we frequently go to is the greengrocery which is stocked with cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, green peas and what not. Everything is sold here ready-weighed and packed. If you call round at a dairy you can buy milk, cream, cheese, butter and many other products.
The method of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shop where the customer goes from counter to counter selecting and putting into a basket what he wishes to buy. Then he takes the basket to the check-out counter, where the prices of the purchases are added up. If it is not a self-service shop, the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the change.
| a department store a grocery a bakery a butchery to do shopping departments fabrics china appliances | on the counters knitwear poultry the greengrocery a dairy a self-service shop the customer the cashier |
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3. Shopping
1. Who does the shopping in your family?
2. How often do you go shopping?
3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?
4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?
5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?
6. Some people are fond of window-shopping ( ). Can you say that you belong to such people?
7. What are advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?
8. Can you see a difference between state-owned shops and private shops? Which ones do you prefer?
4. , ( ):
displays; designer; visit; high; antiquarian; shopping; price.
London is still one of the liveliest 1___ cities in the world. Within just a few minutes' walk you can find both vast department stores, with glittering window 2___, and tiny, cluttered rooms where one customer almost fills the entire shop. Many of the most famous London shops are in Knightsbridge or Regent Street, where prices can be steep, but Oxford Street, which is packed with a huge number of shops offering quality goods at a range of prices, is also worth a 3___.
The king of London's department stores, by tradition is Harrod's, with its 300 departments and staff about 4,000. The elaborately decorated, spectacular food hall has splendid displays of fish, cheese, fruit and vegetables; other specialities include fashions for all ages, china and glass, electronics and kitchenware.
Though Harrod's is still just as popular, Londoners often head instead for nearby Harvey Nichols, which aims to stock the best of everything with the price tags to match. Clothes are particularly strong, with the emphasis firmly on very 4___ fashion, with many talented British, European and American names represented. There is also an impressive menswear section. The food hall, opened in 1992, is one of the most stylish in London.
Selfridge's vast building on Oxford Street houses everything from Gucci bags and Hermes scarves to household gadgets and bed-linen.
Marks and Spencer has come a long way since 1882 when Russian émigré Michael Marks had a stall in Leeds's Kirkgate market under the sign, "Don't ask the 5___ it's a penny!" It now has over 680 stores worldwide. It stocks reliable versions of more expensive clothes Marks and Spencer's underwear in particular is a staple of the British wardrobe.
Meccas for those who enjoy searching for a bargain, London's colourful markets such as Brick Lane, Petticoat Lane and Portobello Road reflect also the vibrant street life with its enterprising multiracial community. Specialist shoppers will easily find streets crammed with antique shops, 6___ booksellers and art galleries, the 7___ clothes and accessories shops. British designers excel in the opposite extremes of the market traditional tailoring and street fashions.
5. :
1
- Can I help you?
- No, it's all right, thanks, I'm just looking round.
- Have a look around then. May be you would like something in our shop.
(in some minutes)
I like this navy-blue jacket very much. Can I try it on?
- Certainly. The fitting room is in the right-hand corner.
- Oh, it suits me very well, doesn't it?
- That's a really nice jacket. Pure wool, a modern fashion.
- How much is it?
- 55 pounds. English clothes are really good value. They are so well-made.
- All right. I can afford the price.
2
- Hello, I'm looking for a pullover. Can you show me one?
- Certainly, madam. What kind of pullover do you want?
- A woolen one. Medium size.
- How about this one? It's very attractive
- Yes, but it's too thick.
- How about this yellow one?
- Oh, it's quite nice but it's too short and I don't like the colour.
- What colour do you want?
- I think blue or brown will do.
- Well, we have some pullovers of that colour. Here they are. Which one do you like best?
- Can I try this brown one?
- Of course, madam....Oh, it fits you perfectly. It's exactly your size.
- Yes, but I don't think it suits me. Can I try that blue one? It matches the colour of my eyes.
- Unfortunately, we can't offer you exactly what you want. The colour, size, material, price are all wrong. Try another shop, please.
- Excuse me, please.
- That's right. But you'd better go to a big supermarket next time. You'll find everything there.
- Thank you very much. It was very kind of you to explain me all that. I'm a foreigner here and I'm not accustomed to your service and prices yet.
3
- Can you show me some cameras, please?
- Certainly, sir this ones very good.
- Yes, it is. How much is it?
- 85 pounds.
- Oh, dear. Thats very expensive.
- Hmm, I see that one isnt expensive, sir.
- What make is it?
- Its a Kodak its 47 pounds.
- Hmm Can you show it to me?
4
- Can I help you?
- Yes, please. I would like to have something from this shopping list.
- Oh, your shopping list is very big. We stock only three items you ask for: butter, milk and cheese.
- Two packets of butter, a pound of cheese and three bottles of milk, please.
- Here they are. Pay by cheque at the cash desk.
- Excuse me, do you happen to know where I could find some ham, minced meat and beef sausages?
- They are all sold at the butcher's.
- And I wonder if you stock any cigarettes here?
- I'm afraid we don't. You should try the shop next door for the cigarettes.
6. Shopping. :
| How much is this? May try it on? Where is the fitting room? Can you wrap it? Does it fit? It fits very well. It doesnt fit. | It suits me. Its a bargain. I think its too big, small for me. What size are you? Its exactly your size. How does it look? Will it be cash or credit card? |
Meals / At a Restaurant
1. ( ):
The English usually have 4 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea (5 o'clock) and dinner. Breakfast can be a full "English breakfast" of cornflakes with milk and sugar, or bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. Some people, however, have just a cup of tea or coffee with a toast or something similar. This is usually called a "continental breakfast".
At midday everything is stopped for lunch. Most offices and small shops are closed for an hour and the city pavements arc full of people on their way to cafes, coffee bars, restaurants. Factory workers usually eat in their canteens.
The English like what they call "good plain food ". They must be able to recognize what they are eating. Usually they like steak, roast beef, Yorkshire pudding and fish and chips.
Afternoon tea is taken at about 5 o'clock, but it can hardly be called a meal. It is a cup of tea and cake or biscuits. At the weekends afternoon tea is a special occasion. Friends and visitors are often invited to have a chat over a cup of tea.
Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. It is usually eaten at 7 o'clock. The first course may be soup (though the English don't like it very much). The main course will often be fish or meat, perhaps the traditional roast beef of old England, and a lot of vegetables. The next course will be something sweet and often cooked, such as a fruit pie. Last of all there may be cheese, often with biscuits.
It is common knowledge that the English are very fond of tea. They like to have "a nice cup of tea" 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more.
On Christmas Day a roast turkey is traditionally cooked for dinner. It is usually followed by Christmas pudding. Long before Christmas housewives begin to plan what cake to make for Christmas. Usually they make fantastic Christmas cakes.
| bacon and eggs marmalade , , , ( ) similar , pavement canteen plain food steak , , Yorkshire pudding ( , ) | fish and chips ( ) it can hardly be called... special occasion , to have a chat substantial . first course main course fruit pie it is common knowledge roast turkey Christmas pudding ( , ) |
2. :
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3. :
1. How many meals a day do the English have?
2. What is the traditional English breakfast like?
3. What is usually called a "continental breakfast"?
4. When do the English usually have lunch?
5. Why do the English like "good plain food"?
6. What kind of meal is five o'clock tea in England?
7. What do the English usually have for dinner?
8. The English are fond of tea, aren't they?
9. What is the traditional dish for Christmas table?
10. What other dishes are popular in England?
4. , ( ):
prices; restaurants; fast; occasions; vegetarians; breakfast; pizza; recipe books; enjoyable; ingredients.
Years ago a Frenchman said that the only way to eat well in Britain was to eat 1___ three times a day. And, let's be honest, most British food was terrible overcooked vegetables, greasy sausages, boring sandwiches. For a lot of people, eating was something you had to do to survive; it was certainly not an 2___ experience. But things have changed
Food has become very important in Britain. TV cooks are more famous than writers and their 3___ are bestsellers.
More of us eat out regularly and we can get excellent food in lots of different kinds of 4___ French, Indian, Italian, Greek, Thai, Indonesian even British! Traditional British pubs serve surprisingly good meals at good 5___.
British supermarkets are now full of exotic cooking 6___: sauces, pasta, cheese, fruit and vegetables.
The British love all kinds of 'international' food. The most popular is now 7___ and, according to a recent survey, 40% of British families have a curry for Sunday lunch, instead of traditional dishes like roast beef.
We eat less meat and more fresh fruit and vegetables. A growing number of people are becoming 8___. Even children know about sugar-free sweets.
That is the good news. Unfortunately, there is also some bad news. As we work harder and have less time, we are eating more and more 9___ food and doing less exercise. For lunch, many of us have a hamburger or sandwich and when we come home in the evening we put our ready-made dinner into the microwave before sitting down in front of the TV. Meals are no longer family 10___.
5. :
1(between a waiter and a client)
W: Good evening, madam (sir).
C: Good evening. We'd like a table for 2, please.
W: Where would you like to sit?
C: Could we have a table near the window, please?
W: Certainly. Follow me, please. Is this table all right?
C: That's fine. Could we have the menu, please?
W: Certainly.
C: What would you recommend?
W: The soup of the day is French onion soup.
C: We have to make up our mind. We'll order in a few minutes.
2 (between John and Mary)
M: Do you want an appetizer, John?,
J: No, thanks. Let's order a dinner without an appetizer. What about the second course? What would you like - veal, roast beef, steak or chicken?
M: We've had chicken at home rather often. When we eat out, I'd like to
get something we don't have at home. As for me, I'd like to have a steak.
J: So would I.
W: Are you ready to order?
J: Yes. Can we begin with the salad?
W: Certainly, sir. What kind of dressing would you like?
J: Just olive oil and vinegar for both of us.
W: And for the main course?
J: We'd like 2 portions of French onion soup.
W: And for the second course?
J: Two steaks, please.
W: How would you like your steak: rare, medium or well done?
J: Well done, please.
W: That's fine. What vegetables would you like?
J: Mashed potatoes.
W: Would you like to order some wine?
J: Yes. Can I see the wine list? A bottle of French red, please.
W: Would you like mineral water?
J: Yes, please.
W: Fizzy or still mineral water?
J: Still, please.
W: Fine. Would you like to order your dessert now?
J: Can we order it later?
W: Of course.
J: That was delicious.
W: Thank you very much. Would you like some coffee or tea?
J: Yes, black coffee, please. Can we have the bill?
W: Of course.
J: Is the service included?
W: No, it isn't, sir.
J: Can I pay by credit card?
W: Certainly.
6. At a restaurant. :
| Is this table free? This table has been reserved. Id like the menu, please. Here you are. starter main course appetizer meat dishes steak (rare/medium/well-done) chop beef veal lamb pork soft drinks | garnish french potatoes dressing fish and sea food boiled roast/fried baked grilled stewed smoked French cuisine too hot/spicy overdone underdone |
The UK
1. ( ):
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech 'Great Britain' is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest east, centre and south-east is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
| The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the British Isles Cardiff Edinburgh ['edinbərə] Belfast [bel'fa:st] the North Sea the English Channel ( -) the Irish ['aiəriʃ] Sea the Highlands | the Lowlands urban highly developed machinery navigation equipment shipbuilding constitutional monarchy the House of Lords the House of Commons the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties , |
2. :
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
3. :
1. Where is the UK situated?
2. What countries is the UK made of?
3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesnt it?
5. What is the north of Scotland called?
6. What is the highest mountain in Scotland?
7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
9. Is the UK a large country?
10. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce?
4. , ( ):
bagpipe music; conquered; poet; atmosphere; kilts; united; parliament.
Scotland
Area: 78,769 sq km
Population: 5,200,000
Capital: Edinburgh
Political: Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom. It has its own 1___, legal system, education system and even its own international football team.
History: The Romans never 2___ Scotland. Between AD 120 and 140, they built Hadrian's Walt, a huge wall of 118 km, to protect their Empire south of the Scottish border. In the middle ages, Scotland became a 3___ country. There were many wars between England and Scotland. In 1603 the Scottish king, James VI, became King of England and a century later Scotland and England were united.
Scotland is famous for its own culture. Here are some of the ways in which visitors to Scotland can join in the fun:
Scotland celebrates Hogmanay, New Year, with 4___ and dancing in the street throughout the night. At midnight, there are fireworks and everyone sings 'Auld lang syne', a song by Robert Burns, a famous Scottish poet. Around the New Year period, Scottish families go 'first footing', visiting the houses of friends and relations to continue the celebrations!
Robert Burns is Scotland's national 5___ and Scottish people have a big dinner every year to celebrate his birthday. The dinner begins with the sound of bagpipes and the 'haggis', Scotland's national dish, a kind of sausage made from the heart and other organs of a sheep. Then everyone reads poems and sings songs written by the great 'Rabbie Burns' himself.
Nearly every weekend in the summer there are highland games somewhere in Scotland, but the biggest games are at Cowal. People from all over the world come to watch or take part. Over three thousand bagpipers and drummers play all day and there is a wonderful 6___. There are highland dancing competitions as well as events like throwing the hammer or 'tossing the caber' throwing a large tree as far as possible. All the athletes wear traditional 7___.
