TCP/IP OSI
ARP RARP
n IP- (Address Resolution Protocol, ARP). ARP , (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, Frame Relay). , IP- . ARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, RARP) , IP-, .
n , IP- , ARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, RARP).
UDP (User Datagram Protocol, RFC-768)
n , IP. UDP , . UDP UDP. IP- udp , , udp- , . , ip , UDP - .
n IP- 65535 , UDP- 65507 .
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
n UDP , , . TCP , . . TCP "" .
:
n SYN- , (active open).
n , SYN-, (ISN - Initial Sequence Number). ISN . passive open.
n SYN- ISN ()+1.
n - , , . , .
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n ISN. ("passive open"), ("active open").
n TCP 11 (established, closed, listen, syn_sent, syn_received ..; . RFC-793), .
n TCP " " .
ICMP
n (ICMP - internet control message protocol, RFC-792, 1256) :
n ;
n ;
n ;
n ;
n ;
n .
IGMP
n IGMP (internet group management protocol, RFC-1112) , , . ().
n , - ( ) .
n 224.0.0.1 ( , -, , ).