802.3ba, , Ethernet - 40 Gigabit Ethernet ( 40GbE) 100 Gigabit Ethernet ( 100GbE). , , , SAN NAS 1GbE 10GbE, 2007 2008 . .
2010 , (. draft)
Terabit Ethernet ( Ethernet 1 /) 2008 Ethernet OFC[2] , 2015 , , - , . , , , , DWDM.
5) SNMP QoS;
SNMP QoS.
SNMP- .
? - . " " . , , ICMP. , SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol, RFC-1157, -1215, -1187, -1089, std-15 1988 ) CMOT (Common Management Information services and protocol over TCP/IP, RFC-1095, ). SNMP-UDP-IP-Ethernet. (gateway) . .
SNMP UDP ( ) . . , . SNMP- . SNMP (MIB - management information base, RFC-1213, -1212, std-17). ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation). 10 MIB: , , , , IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, EGP, SNMP. "" , , .. "" , , IP (Ethernet, LAPB etc.), , , . IP- , , .. TCP- , .. (4.4.13.1) (pdu - protocol data unit) SNMP:
|
|
. 4.4.13.1 / SNMP
GET-request- ;
GET_next_request- , ( MIB);
SET-request- . , ;
GET response- GET-request, GET_next_request SET-request. ( );
TRAP- .
GetBulkRequest- , , .
InformRequest- MIB.
SNMPv3-Trap- ( v1 v2).
Report- ( ).
. 4.4.13.2 SNMP-, UDP-
QoS (. Quality of Service ) , , , . :
(Bandwidth), , . bit/s (bps), kbit/s (kbps), Mbit/s (Mbps).
(Delay), .
() (Jitter).
(Packet loss). , .
, , : .
FIFO: (First In First Out). , : FIFO ( ) , . , ToS. : . QoS QoS. VoIP FTP, SMTP .
QoS
Best Effort Service
|
|
ToS Best Effort Service , - .
Integrated Service (IntServ)
RFC 1633 (End-to-End) , . IntServ RSVP, . IntServ (Resource reservation).
Differentiated Service (DiffServ)
RFC 2474 RFC 2475. QoS , . , QoS. DiffServ ( , , ) ( , ). DiffServ .
, QoS
, :
-
VoIP
, ,