, . , (. 8.4). -, - . -, , , - - (. 8.6). . , ( ) . . . , , , . . , (. 8.5). , , .
(?). - . . . (.. , .. ).
. 8.4 | |
. 8.5 , , . , , , . | |
. 8.6 - | |
. 8.7 Psammolepis. |
Pisces.
, , , . , , , , .
, (. 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11), .
. 8.8 | |
. 8.9 | |
. 8.10 " " Helicoprion |
( ), , . . , . . . , . - . , . , , , . .
|
|
, : , , .
. , . , (. 8.11).
. 8.11 . I II III |
.
. , ( ), . , (. 8.11). , , , .
. (. 8.12). . , , . . . , . (. 8.13). .
. , . . , , . . . , . , . . . , . . . . . , . , . , , . . , . . , . . , . , .
|
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( ). .
. , , .
-, ( II). 20 .
Acanthodii. (acanthi (.) ; acanthodes (.) , )
(26-50 ) (. 8.12, 8.13). , ( ).
. 8.12 Acanthodes |
, ( ) .
. 8.13 Climatius (). |
, ( , ), .
.
Placodermi. () (plakos (.) , derma )
- , , , . , , , (. 8.14, 8.15).
. 8.14 Bothriolepis. , , , | |
. 8.15 Bothriolepis () |
. , .
, .
.
Chondiichthyes. (chondros (.) - , ichthys )
, , (. 8.16, 8.17, 8.18).
. 8.16 Cyclobatis. , | |
. 8.17 Helicoprion - . , . | |
. 8.18 Carcharodon megalodon 12-15 . . - . ( Smithsonian Institution). |
, , ( ), .
.
Osteichthyes. (osteon (.) )
() , . , , (. 8.19, 8.20 8.21, 8.22).
- ( ), , , .
. 8.19 Dipterus. , | |
. 8.21 Eusthenopteron | |
. 8.22 Latimeria. . , . | |
. 8.23 Protopterus - . - , |
.
II