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Agnatha




, . , (. 8.4). -, - . -, , , - - (. 8.6). . , ( ) . . . , , , . . , (. 8.5). , , .

(?). - . . . (.. , .. ).

. 8.4  
. 8.5 , , . , , , .
. 8.6 -
. 8.7 Psammolepis.  

 

Pisces.

, , , . , , , , .

, (. 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11), .

. 8.8
. 8.9
. 8.10 " " Helicoprion

( ), , . . , . . . , . - . , . , , , . .

, : , , .
. , . , (. 8.11).

. 8.11 . I II III

.

. , ( ), . , (. 8.11). , , , .

. (. 8.12). . , , . . . , . (. 8.13). .

. , . . , , . . . , . , . . . , . . . . . , . , . , , . . , . . , . . , . , .

( ). .

. , , .

-, ( II). 20 .

Acanthodii. (acanthi (.) ; acanthodes (.) , )

(26-50 ) (. 8.12, 8.13). , ( ).

. 8.12 Acanthodes  

, ( ) .

. 8.13 Climatius ().

, ( , ), .

.

Placodermi. () (plakos (.) , derma )

- , , , . , , , (. 8.14, 8.15).

. 8.14 Bothriolepis. , , ,
. 8.15 Bothriolepis ()

. , .

, .

.

Chondiichthyes. (chondros (.) - , ichthys )

, , (. 8.16, 8.17, 8.18).

. 8.16 Cyclobatis. ,
. 8.17 Helicoprion - . , .
. 8.18 Carcharodon megalodon 12-15 . . - . ( Smithsonian Institution).

, , ( ), .

.

Osteichthyes. (osteon (.) )

() , . , , (. 8.19, 8.20 8.21, 8.22).

- ( ), , , .

. 8.19 Dipterus. ,
. 8.21 Eusthenopteron
. 8.22 Latimeria. . , .
. 8.23 Protopterus - . - ,

.

II





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