А.С. Ante Christum — лат. до нашей эры
ас alternating current — переменный ток
a.m. ante meridiem — лат. до полудня
B.C. before Christ — до нашей эры
BTU British Thermal Unit - Британская тепловая единица
С Centigrade — стоградусный (шкала Цельсия)
ее cubic centimetre — кубический сантиметр
cckw counter clockwise — против движения часовой стрелки
cwt hundredweight — центнер; (50,8 кг в Англии и 45,3 кг в США)
dc direct current — постоянный ток
deg. degree — градус
e.g. exsempli gratia — лат. например
e.m.f. electromotive force — электродвижущая сила
etc. et cetera -— лат. и т.д.
Fahr. (F) Fahrenheit — шкала Фаренгейта
f.p.s feet per second — футов в секунду
ft. foot; feet — фут(ы)
gal. gallon — галлон
gr gram(me) — грамм
h (hr) hour — час
hp horsepower — лошадиная сила
i.e. id est — лат. то есть
kv kilovolt — киловольт
kva kilovolt-ampere — киловольт-ампер
kw kilowatt — киловатт
lb libra pound — лат. фунт
m metre — метр; mile — миля; minute — минута
mm millimetre — миллиметр
m.p.h. miles per hour — миль в час
p. page — страница
p.c. pro centum — лат. per cent — процент
p.m. post meridiem — лат. после полудня
psi pounds per square inch — фунтов на квадратный дюйм
R Reaumur — шкала Реомюра
r.p.m. revolutions per minute — оборотов в минуту
r.p.s. revolutions per second — оборотов в секунду
sq. square — квадратный
t. temperature — температура; ton — тонна
viz videlicet — лат. а именно
vs versus — лат. против
v.v. vice versa — лат. наоборот
w watt — ватт
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 9
СПИСОК НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗНАКОВ
+ plus
— minus
± plus or minus
= is equal to, equals
* does not equal
S identical, identically equal to
~ equivalent, similar (is similar to)
> is greater than
< is less than
-> approaches
Oo varies as, is propotional to
Oo infinity
ab a times b; a multiplied by b
a/b the ratio of a to b; a divided by b
proportion: a is to b as с is to d
an the л-th power of a; aaa... to n factors
J~ radical sign
yfa square root of a
a~n the reciprocal of an\ \/an
log a common logarithm of a
log 10 a logarithm of a to the base 10
In a natural logarithm of a
F(x), f(x) function of x
У = f(x) У is a function of x
| the derivative of у |
Dydf(x)
| dx with respect to x —£ the second derivative of у dx2 with respect to x a' lei] prime, dash |
dx'
fl"[ei] second, double prime, double dashed
an [ei] sub n, subscribed n
\ integral sign
Л double integral
() parentheses
[ ] brackets
{ } braces
LCM (1cm) least common multiple
GCD (gcd) greatest common divisor
Z angle
L right angle
J_ perpendicular (is perpendicular to)
| | parallel (is parallel to)
Д triangle
о parallelogram
□ square
О circle
П arc; АЛВ (arc AB)
0 degrees (of arc or angle)
' minutes of arc or angle; foot, feet
" seconds (of arc or angle); inches
sin A — sine of A
cos A — cosine of A
tan A — tangent of A
cot A (or ctn A) - cotangent of A
sec A — secant of A
cosec A (or esc A) — cosecant of A
A few examples of reading mathematical expressions
Arithmetic
Addition 12 + 13 = 25 Twelve plus thirteen is (masks equals) twenty-five addend — слагаемое sum — сумма
Subtraction 71 — 24 = 47 Seventy one minus twenty four is (equals) forty-seven
minuend — уменьшаемое subtrahend — вычитаемое remainder, difference - разность
Multiplication 8 x 6 = 48 Six times eight is forty-eight (eight multiplied by six is forty-eight) multiplicant — множимое multiplier (factor) — множитель product — произведение
Division 90: 9 = 10 Ninety divided by nine is ten
divident — делимое divisor — делитель quotient — частное
| Fractions Decimal fractions 0.4 nought point four (0 [eu]point four) |
Common fractions
— a half (one second); - a quarter
2 4
(one forth)
| 2- (2 3 v nator) 5- (5 3 v nator) |
Proper fractions
- numerator, 3 — denomi-
Improper fractions
- numerator, 3 — denomi-
| 1 2 5s 7- (9 3 9 tor) |
Mixed number
common denomina-
0.06 nought point nought six (0 [eu] point 0 [eu] six)
.2 point two (period two, two tenth)
.37 point thirty seven (period thirty-seven)
652.47 six hundred fifty-two point forty seven (six five two point forty-seven)
1.007 one point 0 [eu] 0 [eu] seven
Power
raise to a power — возводить в степень
in the second power — во второй степени, в квадрате
in the third power — в третьей степени, в кубе
in the n-th power — в л-ной степени
З3 3 cubed (three to the third power)
Ъа2 three a to the second power (3 — coefficient; a — base; 2 — exponent)
Evolution
J~ square root (radical sign) Ц~ cubic root
V4 = 2 the square root of four is
Two
Ratio
H
— ratio H per L; H to L
jLi
у =f(x) у is a. function of x
—, the derivative of у with
Dx dx
respect to x
d2y
— ir the second derivative of
djc2
у with respect to x
One; a unit single; once
