Consider f. unit of counting
Cease g. worth of smth.
Cash h. tiny, hard pieces
Withdraw i. make books, pictures, etc.
7. , .
Is money that may be used to start a business.
Is the type of money used in a country.
Is money in coin or notes.
Are metal money,... is system of coins in use.
Are paper money.
Money is different kinds of plastic cards.
Is to be worth in terms of money.
Is price asked for goods or services.
To... means to ask smb. to pay.
10. To... money means to keep some of one's money, e.g., for a new computer.
To... money means to use it badly on things that one does not need.
12. The... of living means how much people pay for things.
13.... of living is the level of money and comfort people have.
8. .
Value... waste
Condition... lend
Quantity... cheap
Common, often see or heard... unstable
Various... minor
9. . 20-25 : Business and finance.
. Speak about:
1. The state of the economy at the moment. Is it strong or is it in recession?
2. The current rate of inflation in the country. Has the government reduced company taxes or personal taxes lately? Has public expenditure risen or fallen recently?
New technology and money.
Text 3
?
. : vital, corporate, compile, memo, pace, respond, intranet, empower.
Paperwork and the Digital Nervous System
Bill Gates states it did not take Microsoft Co. long to get rid of most of the company's paper forms. The move from paper to electronic forms is a vital step in the evolution of a modern organization's nervous system. A corporate system defines how an organization deals with planned and unplanned events alike. It includes meetings, paperwork and electronic systems. It governs the way information about customers is stored, the way workers are organized, the way budgets are compiled and activities are coordinated, and the way information is exchanged.
In the past, companies were virtually alike in terms of how they managed these activities. Meetings, memos and managers were relied upon heavily. The pace was not usually too fast, and there was lots of paper.
But one of the lessons from Darwin is that the excellence of an organism's nervous system helps determine its ability to sense change and quickly respond, thereby surviving or even thriving.
|
|
|
Today, new digital nervous systems are based on electronic communications tools that help corporations maintain themselves, defend from dangers and take advantage of opportunities rapidly. The Internet and intranets are essential.
You can easily bring the people you need together electronically, even if they are all over the globe. The people in the company can gain a common understanding of what is going on. They can exchange ideas easily.
Perhaps the single most important element of a digital nervous system is a customer database. Having all your information about customers in one place gives you the tools to analyze and make decisions. It empowers you to be highly responsive to customers needs.
Microsoft's system is far from perfect, but it improves as the company takes better advantage of technology. Its annual budgeting process used to take three months. Microsoft invented a new process around electronic forms on the company's intranet.
The budget cycle is now a very tense three-week period. The company's digital system lets everybody see immediately what the other people in the company are planning. The managers see comparisons of sales and expense forecasts relative to market size in other divisions and regions. The product groups see the numbers organized by product. The subsidiaries see the numbers geographically. The finance people see them in on a profit-and-loss basis.
In other words, information can automatically be analyzed and compared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.
. .
Take smb. to do smth. a.
Get rid of b.
Vital c.
Corporate d.
Do alike e.
Compile f.
Be alike g.
Memo h.
Pace i.
Respond j.
Thrive k.
Empower 1.
Take advantage m.
Subsidiary n.
use for one's own benefit be successful, prosper act in answer to necessary for living need, require give power to act in the same way be similar
