Theme 1. Subject and method of economics
(1 hour)
The seminars
The purpose of the lesson:
- find challenges economics as a science
- acquainted with the main directions of research in economic Theory
Topics for discussion:
1. The subject of economic science.
2. The concept of a "methodology" and methods of research in economics.
3. The main directions of the development of economics
Questions and tasks:
Questions on ingenuity
A. Determines which goods are natural and which are to economic products:
a) fungi b) coal and ore in mines, c) banana, d) ore at a metallurgical plant, and e) cabbage.
B. Establishes which goods are commodities, and what - the means of production: a) sugar - sand and b) salt c) horses d) trucks, and e) a personal computer.
Economic challenge.
Suppose that one country (population 10 million) for the year of commodities created by 100 million standard units.
Determine whether or not the residents of the country to consume food in greater or lesser numbers than were created in the country?
Quantitative measurement needs.
To develop production to meet changing needs, it is important to learn in practice to quantify the needs and demands of the people.
Is it possible, in your opinion, need any one person accurately quantify commensurate with the volume of the needs of another person?
4. What is true and what is false:
A) All material needs grow indefinitely;
B) In all countries, expansion needs outstrips the growth of production;
С) Lack of resources due to the immensity of the needs of people;
D) All over the world resources are scarce.
5. The concept of "services" and "intangible benefits"
A. What is the service? Give examples.
B. What proportion in at work now holds services?
С. What is meant by the intangible benefits?
6. What does the proverb?
It has long been in the country have developed folk sayings: "every man to his own taste," "there is no accounting for tastes."
Explain the meaning of these sayings.
The influence of monetary income to changes in the structure of solvent needs.
With an increase in money income people buying demand (and therefore, needs) for different products vary in different ways.
As an increase in cash income varies the value of demand: a) high quality durable goods (furniture, cars, televisions, etc.), b) and food products), industrial products, included in the standard set of consumer (clothing, footwear and etc.)? Purchase any types of goods increases relatively quickly?
Independent work of the student
Questions for self-study:
1. Positive and normative economics.
2. Classification of the types of economic systems.
3. Origin and main stages of development of economic theory.
4. Periodization of the development of society: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial phases.
Form of control:
- Reference work - the input control.
Theme 2. Fundamentals of social production
(1 hour)
The seminars
The purpose of the lesson:
- find out what is meant by the production and reproduction
- describe methods of production and two of its sides
- study the various types of economic systems.
Topics for discussion:
1. Methods of production and two of its sides
2. Production and reproduction
3. Types of economic systems and the solution of fundamental problems of the economy.
Questions and tasks:
1. As played wealth?
Let's say five people have organized a joint venture - a greenhouse to grow cucumbers and tomatoes.
Answer the following questions:
A. Which of the phases (periods) of reproduction will be a collective effort of farmers?
B. What is the phase sequence circuit economic products and how these phases are related to each other?
2. The goods are different from the natural product?
It is known from comparative analysis of subsistence and commodity production, a significant difference between them is manifested, in particular, is a natural product that is created for domestic consumption in the economy, and the product - a product for sale on the market.
So, one good can be exchanged in the market for other useful thing, if there is a valid economic basis for a market transaction.
In this regard, it is important to clarify the issues:
A. What property should be good (in contrast to the natural product), so it can be sold in the market?
B. Can the basis of the exchange of one commodity for another commodity to serve useful things - subjective or objective?
C. What for centuries formed the basis of market exchange of economic goods, moving from one private owner to another?
Economic Geography
Post-industrial production developed into the world economy is very uneven.
Question: Which countries have a highly modern production?
Find the right answer
By the terms of the left hand column find the appropriate definitions in the right column.
| 1. Means of labor | A. workers, means of labor and objects of labor |
| 2. Opportunity Cost | B. highest volume production with full utilization of resources. |
| 3. Objects of labor | C. The number of benefits, which must be given in exchange of products, preferential |
| 4. Manufacturing capabilities | D. Things, he created people to help create economic benefits |
| 5. Factors of production | E. things to be treated at work |
Graphic problem.
Plot the production capacity of the plant engineering, who chose to make two alternative products, according to the data given in the scale of production capacity in the table
| Option | Tractors, thousand paces | Тanks, thousand paces |
6. The concept of "services" and "intangible benefits"
A. What is the service? Give examples.
B. What proportion in at work now holds services?
C. What is meant by the intangible benefits?
