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Appendix III
Grammar reference
Unit 1. The active voice
Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
Present | V1 sell V1 + s sells Do (does)? | be (is, am, are) + P1 is (am, are) + selling Is (am, are)? | have (has) + P2 have (has) + sold Have (has)? | have (has) + been + P1 have (has) + been + selling Have (has)? |
Past | V2 sold Did? | be (was, were) + P1 was (were) + selling Was (were)? | had + P2 had + sold Had? | had + been + P2 had + been + sold Had? |
Future | will (shall) + V1 will sell Will (shall)? | will (shall) + be + P1 will (shall) + be + selling Will (shall)? | will (shall) + have + P2 will (shall) + have + sold Will (shall)? | will (shall) + have + been + P1 will (shall) + have + been + selling Will (shall)? |
Future-in-the-past | would (should) + V1 would sell Would (should)? | would (should) + be + P1 would be sold Would (should)? | would (should) + have + P2 would have sold Would (should)? | would (should) + have + been + P1 would have been selling Would (should)? |
Unit 2. The passive voice
|
|
Simple (to be + Participle II) | Continuous (to be + being + Participle II) | Perfect (to have + been + Participle II) | |
Present | The product is bought. Is the product bought? The product isn't bought. | The product is being bought. Is the product being bought? The product isn't being bought. | The product has been bought. Has the product been bought? The product hasn't been bought. |
Past | The product was bought. Was the product bought? The product wasn't bought. | The product was being bought. Wasthe product being bought? The product wasn't being bought. | The product had been bought. Had the product been bought? The product hadn't been bought. |
Future | The product will be bought. Will the product be bought? The product won't be bought. | _ | The product will have been bought. Willthe product have been bought? The product won't have been bought. |