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- To Be.




To Be or not to Be

Pronunciation -

. - , , "", . - . - . , [i] [i:].

[i] i t, s i t, sh i ll i ng, t i ck e t, b i tter, s i tter, h i t, d i d, l i d
[i:] tr ee, h e, m ea t, s ee d, l ea d, r ea d, s ee, s ea, d ee d, ea t

 

, "" : - [i:].

: there are twenty-six letters in English. , . , ... she [ʃi:] () , cheese [ʧi:z] () . , , , , , "" she cheese. , ?
. :

Say cheese! - cheese!

cheese [ʧi:z]. , . . . Let's smile.

ch sh th ng ck ph [ʧ] [ʃ] [θ] [ð] [ŋ] [k] [f] children (), which () ship (), fish () thing (), both () this (), with (c) song (), singing () stick (), stocking () phone (), elephant ()

: → - ← .

, , . , [s], [k]. G [ʤ] [g]. , , , :

C [s] , i, : centre ['sentǝ] - ; city ['siti] - ; cypress ['saɪprəs] - .

[k]: carpet ['kɑ:pit] - ; coffee ['kofi] - ; cut [kʌt] - ; act [ækt] - ; music ['mju:zik] - .

 

G [ʤ], , , i, : geometry [ʤi'omitri] - ; giant ['ʤaiǝnt] - ; gym [ʤim] - .

 

[g]: get [get] - ; girl [gǝ:l] - ; give [giv] - .

 

, , u, G [g]: garden ['gɑ:dn] - ; good [gud] - ; gun [gʌn] - ; grow [grou] - ; big [big] - .

 

. . Let's talk about Shakespeare. . Let's talk about Hamlet. : ? : be or not to be?
. , be ().

Grammar -

: - , - ... : , , , , ... be: am [æm], are [ɑ:], is [iz]. - : , ... , .

The Present -
The Singular -
I am a teacher. You are a boy. Tim is English. Jane is English. A tree is high. . . . . . /
The Plural -
We are Russian. You are Russian. They are English. . . .

.

be to, : , ?
. Let's write a few English verbs. to [ǝ], . , to [tu].

to cook [tǝ'kuk] - ()
to come [tǝ'kʌm] - ,
to have [tǝ'hæv] -
to read [tǝ'ri:d] -
to say [tǝ'sei] - ,
to take [tǝ'teik] -
to want [tǝ'wont] -
to eat [tu'i:t] - ()
to open [tu'oupǝn] -

Phrases -

, . Let's make a few sentences.

 

I want to eat. - .
Dad wants to eat, too. - .
We help Mum to cook. - .
Tim comes to say hello. - .
I want to have new friends. - .
We like to read. - .
She wants to take her hat. - .
I want to open the window. - .

Grammar -

"" ? : not [not], . , :

go or not to go? - ? ( .)
eat or not to eat? - ? ( .)
say or not to say? - ? ( .)
have or not to have? - ? ( , .)

not . , , , , old [ould] (, , ); young [jʌŋ] (, , ); high [hai] (, , ) English Russian.

Negation -
The Singular -
I am not English. I am not young. You are not English. You are not old. Tim is not Russian. He is not old. Jane is not Russian. She is not old. The tree is not high. It is not old. . . . . . . . . . .
The Plural -
We are not young. You are not old. They are not high. . . .

Word -

how [hau] (). .

How are you? - ()?
How are things? - ?

How . .

I see how Mum cooks. - , .
I see how Dad helps her. - , .
She sees how he runs. - , .
We see how flowers grow. - , .

Phrases -

and (). . And [ǝnd] .

  Bread and butter. Tea and milk. Sing and dance. Come and see. Wait and see. Two and two. ['bredǝnd'bʌtǝ] ['ti:ǝnd'milk] ['siŋǝnd'dɑ:ns] ['kʌmǝnd'si:] ['weitǝnd'si:] ['tu:ǝnd'tu:] . . . . . .

Translation -

and . and .

I help Mum and Dad. - .
We see Tim and Ann. - .
is big and she is little. - , .
I like bread and butter. - .
Tim likes fish and chips. - .

Conversation -

, .

  Tim:Ann:Tim:Ann: Hello, Ann. Hello, Tim. How are you? I am fine. And you? I am fine.

fine [fain] (, ). I am fine , , .

  Tim:Ann:Tim:Ann: How is your sister? She is all right. And how are your cats and dogs? They are OK.

, . , , fine all right ['o:l'rait] ( , ). OK ['ou'kei] : .

  Tim:Ann: How are your Mum and Dad? They are OK.

, That is all, .

That is all. - () .
That is all for today. - .

Exercises -

Exercise 1. Read these words. - .

Lick, song, thing, photo, chip, eat, ship, gem, greet, luck, gate, cement, log, face, king, goblin, nice, carry, city, phrase, cycle, actor, meat, face, creed.

Exercise 2. Put in the missing words. - ( be).

  1. Nick young.
  2. I old.
  3. Ann English.
  4. You Russian.
  5. They little.
  6. We fine.
  7. Two and two four.
  8. How you? - I fine.
  9. How Tim? - He OK.
  10. How his mum? - She all right.

Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative using not. - , not.

  1. They are Russian.
  2. Ann is big.
  3. Tim is Russian.
  4. I am little.
  5. One and one is four.
  6. London is little.
  7. We are English.
  8. A tree is red.
  9. They are young.
  10. That is all.

Exercise 4. Translate into English. - .

  1. .
  2. .
  3. .
  4. .
  5. .
  6. .
  7. .
  8. .

 





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