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Just Letters and Sounds
26 - , . .
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, . R "" : car [kɑ:] (), star [stɑ:](), door [do:] (). , , , , - - : arm [ɑ:rm] (), form [fo:rm] (, ), turn [tǝ:rn] ().
, , . (≈) , . ! : , , ! , . , . - - , , . , , .
. Why? , , :
Spell your name. - .
Spell it, please. - , .
, , , Timothy, , , Tim, :
Timothy - [ti:] [ai] [em] [ou] [ti:] [eiʧ] [wai]
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Word -
Spell - , (spelling) , "". . : ['lestə]. . Where is it? :
How do you spell it? - ?
Spell this name for us. - .
Tim spells the name. We write it down. :
[el] [i:] [ai] [si:] [i:] [es] [ti:] [i:] [ɑ:] - Leicester.
, - ! There are nine letters in Leicester. , "".
, - .
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| [el] [ou] [en] [di:] [ou] [en] | |
| [wai] [ou] [ɑ:] [kei] | |
| [em] [ei] [en] [si:] [eiʧ] [i:] [es] [ti:] [i:] [ɑ:] |
Notes -
(Ann, Tim), (Africa, Asia), (England, Russia), (Bristol, York), (Pendrift), (Oxford Street), (Trafalgar Square) (Penny Lane) "" .
Your Dictionary
- -, . .
please - . :
1. , - l. : pl pa, , ph, pi. pl: place [pleis] (), plain [plein] ()... . . pleasant ['plezǝnt] (), pleasure ['lʒǝ] () .
2. please v, pleasant - . ""? - - . n noun (); v - verb (); - adjective (); adv - adverb ().
, "" . , , . , , .
help [help] 1. v . 2. n ; .
fast [fɑːst] 1. , . 2. adv .
3. .
| boy [boi] n | dad [dæd] n | |
| dog [dog] n | home [houm] n |
. pl: plural ().
clothes [kləuðz] n pl
scissors ['sɪzəz] n pl
, , , "", , . : sing singular ( ). , news [nju:z] (. sing) , .
4. , - , .
| do [duː] v | help [help] v | |
| go [gəu] v | play [plei] v |
5. , , " ". , letter . : , .
There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet. - .
We write and get letters. - .
6. , . , - "" .
(, ), "" look [luk]. - . - . : look after ( -), ( -). look for .
- , , , .
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I look at my sister. - .
She looks fine. - .
I look after my sister. - .
She looks for her doll. - .
7. , . , , , London () ['lʌndǝn], a Leicester () ['lestǝ] .
, , .
| man [mæn] n | sea [si:] n | |
| help [help] v | room [rum] n |
, , .
alphabet ['ælfəbət] n
England ['ɪŋglənd] n
English ['ɪŋglɪʃ]
tomorrow [tə'mɔrəu] n
. . , - . [ː] .
| fist [fist] n | feast [fi:st] n , | |
| lid [lid] n | lead [li:d] n | |
| pot [pɔt] n | port [pɔ:t] n |
, , , -. , :
| so [səu] adv | do [du:] v | |
| few [fju:] | sew [səu] v | |
| beak [bi:k] n | break [breɪk] v |
The Sounds of English
, .
, .
, .. , [i], [ɪ]:)
Vowels -
| [æ] | cat (), carry (), rat (), dad [dæd], man (, ) : . - , . . |
| [ɑ:] | harm (), far (), class () |
| [i:] | he (), meal (), tree () |
| [i]/[ɪ] | it (), sit (), ticket () |
| [e]/[ɛ] | best (), mend (), pen () |
| []/[ɔ] | coffee (), not (), rock () |
| [:]/[ɔː] | morning (), ball (), small () |
| [u]/[ʊ] | book (), foot (), put () |
| [u:] | blue (), move (), soon () |
| [ʌ] | cup (), mother (), some () |
| [ɜː]/[ǝ:] | third (), work (), learn () |
| [ǝ] | teacher (), Saturday () |
( , 4)
Diphthongs -
( )
| [ei]/[eɪ] | baby (), say (), train () |
| [ai]/[aɪ] | ice (), lie (), my () |
| [au]/[aʊ] | cloud (), flower (), town () |
| [ou]/[ǝʊ] | no (), only (), road () |
| [oi]/[ɔɪ] | coin (), noise (), boy () |
| [iǝ]/[ɪǝ] | ear (), dear (), here () |
| [ɛǝ]/[eǝ] | air (), bear (), there () |
| [uǝ]/[ʊǝ] | poor (), sure () |
Consonants -
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| [b] | back (), husband (), rib () |
| [p] | past (), open () |
| [d] | day (), dark (), window () |
| [t] | take (), tree (), hot () |
| [k] | king (), cold (), sick () |
| [g] | get (), bag (), girl () |
| [v] | very (), have (), never () |
| [f] | fifteen (), wife (), phrase () |
| [z] | zero (), maze (), rose () |
| [s] | so (), basket (), city () |
| [θ] | thin (), think (), nothing () |
| [ð] | this (), together (), father () |
| [ʃ] | ship (), fish (), Russian () |
| [ʒ] | leisure (), garage (), mirage () |
| [ʧ] | chair (), each (), much () |
| [ʤ] | judge (), age (), language () |
| [h] | hat (), unhappy () |
| [l] | like (), pull (), last () |
| [m] | make (), meet (), summer () |
| [n] | never (), line (), round () |
| [ŋ] | song (), thing (), reading () |
| [r] | red (), every (), marry () |
| [w] | well (), woman (), what () |
| [j] | yes (), onion (), Italian () |
Notes -
1. .
| grass [grɑ:s] n | bitter ['bitǝ] | |
| carry ['kæri] v | winner ['winǝ] n |
2. , . , rub [rʌb] [b]. good [gud] [d], dog [dog] [g].
Conversation -
. - hello [hǝ'lou]. , , .
Hello, boys and girls. - , .
Hello, everybody. - , .
hello , , .
Hello, Mum. - , .
Hello, Dad. - , .
Hello, Nick! Hello, Tim! - , ! , !
hello, - , .
Hello! - !
Hello. - .
Discussion -
dad [dæd] mum [mʌm] . , : Mum, Dad. : Mummy ['mʌmi] (), Daddy ['dædi] ().
father ['fɑ:ðǝ] () mother ['mʌðǝ] ().
Exercises -
Exercise 1. .
Dog, girl, go, acorn, tree, and, spell, sit, dad, conversation, well, he, what, take, egg, make, sorry, little, big, wife, question, word.
Exercise 2. Spell these words. - .
Father, money, which, quarter, seem, jam, gust, peck, next, zebra, capital.
Exercise 3. " " , (ABC) .
The White Queen says, "I know the ABC. I can read words of one letter."
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- , , . - , , go (), do (), in (), and (), but ().
, , , .
London is a big city. It is very old. It lies on the River Thames. The history of London goes back to Roman times. London has a lot of sights. There are many parks in it. London is the capital of England. The English Queen lives in London. The Queen's name is Elizabeth.
2-letter words:
3-letter words:
: Queen [kwi:n], Thames [temz], Elizabeth [ɪ'lɪzəbəθ], Roman ['roumǝn], sight [sait], many ['menɪ], park [pɑ:k].
:
| capital | a; n |
| date | n; v |
| name | n; v |
| park | n; v |
| Roman | a; n |
| sight | n; v |
Phrases -
, :
Good bye. - .
Bye! - !
See you later. - .
See you tomorrow. - .
. .
Dad, Help Mum
,
- -. We can say something in English. , . We can say, "Hello!" -.
Dad, help Mum. - , .
Nick, go fast. - , .
Tim, spell your name. - , .
Grammar -
"" , - , . .
| Go! - ()! | Help! - ()! | |
| Run! - ()! | Take! - ()! |
please: . , , , " ", " ", .
Tim, help me, please. - , , .
Boys, help me. - , .
Mr Strong, help me. - , .
. - -.
Say it in English, Tim. - -, .
Say it in Russian. - -.
Pronunciation -
. - - rhyme [raim], (little boy) (little dog): , !
| A little boy. | [ǝ'litl'boi] | . | |
| has a dog. | [hi:'hæzǝ'dog] | . | |
| says, "Run!" | [hi:'sez'rʌn] | : ! | |
| One, one, one, Little dog, run. |
One [wʌn] () run [rʌn] (), . , , . , , , .
? , , , acorn ['eiko:n] (). , , me (, ), we (), he (), she (). [i:], [mi:], [wi:], [hi:], [ʃi:].
: go (), no (). , , [ou], : [gou], [nou].
take, like, home , . : [teik], [laik], [houm].
, , . .
| cat [kæt] - | him [him] - , | |
| cup [kʌp] - | lock [lok] - | |
| but [bʌt] - | bed [bed] - |
, [ei]: s a y [sei], t a ke [teik], l a ke [leik], m a ze [meiz].
[æ]: c a t [kæt], h a t [hæt], d a ddy ['dædi], b a ttery ['bætǝri].
E [i:]: m e [mi:], th e se [ði:z], m e ter ['mi:tǝ], s e e [si:], del e te [di'li:t].
[]: p e n [pen], l e tter ['letǝ], n e st [nest], y e llow ['jelou].
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I [ai]: i ce [ais], n i ce [nais], r i de [raid], dr i ve [draiv].
[i]: b i g [big], l i d [lid], h i s [hiz], s i tting ['sitiŋ].
[ou]: g o [gou], h o me [houm], t o ne [toun], al o ne [ǝ'loun].
- []/[ɔ]: d o g [dog], l o ttery ['lotǝri], p o t [pot], o n [on].
U , - [ju:]: u se [ju:z], m u le [mju:l], ref u se [ri'fju:z].
- [ʌ]: b u s [bʌs], R u ssian ['rʌʃn], c u t [kʌt], n u t [nʌt].
Y [wai] [ai]: b y [bai], m y [mai], rh y me [raim], d y namo ['dainǝmou].
[i]: h y mn [him], g y m [ʤim], rh y thm [riðm].
, . , , , "" , [ǝ]: father ['fɑ:ðǝ] - ; collar ['kolǝ] - ; mother ['mʌðǝ] - ; famous ['feimǝs] - ; minus ['mainǝs] - ; teacher ['ti:ʧǝ] - ; neighbour ['neibǝ] - .
. , .
| button [bʌtn] - | season [si:zn] - | |
| reason [ri:zn] - | sudden [sʌdn] - |
Grammar -
, , -. We want to speak, read and write in English. . , , - , . , , do (), go (), get (). "" : like [laik] - ; see [si:] - ; take [teik] - .
. - : , , , , ... - - .
I see a ball. - .
You see a ball. - .
sees a ball. - .
She sees a ball. - .
We see a ball. - .
You see a ball. - .
They see a ball. - .
: - see he () she (), , - s. :
help s his mother. - .
She take s a pen. - .
Question -
1. , , ...
: you [ju:] (). , , , . . The English are very polite.
2. , - he, - she. ?
: It. , -. , , - - , , - it!
I have a car. - .
It goes fast. - .
We see a train. - .
It goes fast. - .
Take this apple. - .
It is nice. - .
Tim has a dog. - .
It is big. - .
: → - ← .
Phrases -
"" . :
I see Dad. - .
Dad sees Mum. - .
helps Mum. - .
I take a ball. - .
I like English. - .
We go home. - .
We see Tim. - .
Hello, Tim. - , .
Tim, take this apple. - , .
Tim takes it. - .
?
, . , , . , , . , , . , ; , , .
Exercises -
Exercise 1. - , .
Ale, bat, dust, dyke, hide, hit, home, hut, kite, lake, mule, me, poke, red, spike, tile.
Exercise 2. : - , [ei], [æ].
, .
a. , , black, lady, cake, hatter, hate, later, sad, same, mad, baker, bank, pale, ham, lame, ladder, gate, marry, snake, carry, fate, spanner.
b. Pot, rope, hope, nod, note, close, hotter, lobby, token, spoken, pole, pond, zone, sorry.
Exercise 3. Say in English. - -.
, , , , , , , , , , .
Exercise 4. Say in Russian. - -.
, take, one, ball, alphabet, fast, train, get, we, lid, please, you, spell.
Exercise 5. .
- I see (). () helps Dad.
- I () my dog. It is ().
- (), run fast! () home.
- Tim lives in (). It is in ().
- This city is ().
- I see Tim and he () me.
- Tim () his bag and he goes ().
- He says, ( ). We say, ( ).
