. (3/), .
(112):
VH2O = V * (1 + ), 3/; (112)
: VH2O , 3/;
V , 3/;
, ..
3.11.1 I
739.65 3/ (. . 3.10.4.1);
0.6986 .. (69.86 %).
(112) :
VH2O = V * (1 + ) = 739.65 * (1 + 0.6986) = 1256.4 3/.
.6 1400/40 (1 ., 1 .) .
3.11.2 - I
384.85 3/ (. . 3.10.4.2);
0.575 .. (57.5 %).
(112) :
VH2O = V * (1 + ) = 384.85 * (1 + 0.575) = 606.1 3/.
.6 700/40 (1 ., 1 .) .
3.11.3 - II
1187.95 3/ (. . 3.10.4.3);
0.4961 .. (49.61 %).
(112) :
VH2O = V * (1 + ) = 1187.95 * (1 + 0.4961) = 1777.3 3/.
.6 1800/67 (1 ., 1 .) .
1. .., .. . .: , 1982
2. . 1. .: , 1988
3. . . .: , 1982
4. . . .: , 1984
5. .., .., .. , . .: , 1980
6. . .: , 1992
7. .., .. . .: , 1991
8. .., .. - . . - -: , 1985
|
|
9. .., .. - . . . -: , 1985
10. .. , . . -: , 1985
11. .. - . . : , 1997
12. .. . . : , 1997
13. .. . . : , 1997
14. .., .. . .: , 1991
15. 1640898. . . : , 1998
.1
, / | (Dmax), | , | - | ||
300 | 250400 | . . | 2535 | , | |
1015 | |||||
3001500 | 400 | . . | 2535 | , | |
1015 | |||||
1500 | 450700 | . . | 2535 | , | |
1012 | |||||
15006000 | 4501000 | . . | 2530 | , | |
600010000 | 6001200 | . . | 2530 | , | |
1000015000 | 7001200 | . . | 2530 | , | |
1012 | |||||
15000 | 7001200 | . . | 2530 | , | |
1012 | |||||
15000 | 12001300 | . | 2530 | ||
1012 |
.2 (Z) d
, | |||||||
. . | |||||||
D | Z | d | Z | d | Z | ||
1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | |||||
1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | |||||
Ė1200 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.9 | ||||
1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | |||||
1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | |||||
1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | |||||
Ė1750 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | ||||
1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | |||||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||||
Ė2200 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | ||||
2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | |||||
1.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | |||||
1.8 | 2.1 | 2.3 | |||||
1.8 | 2.1 | 2.3 | |||||
1.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 | |||||
Ė1200 | 2.8 | 3.35 | 3.7 | ||||
1.5 | 1.75 | 2.0 | |||||
1.2 | 1.45 | 1.6 | |||||
Ė1750 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | ||||
2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | |||||
1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | |||||
1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |||||
1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | |||||
Ė2200 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.6 | ||||
3.4 | 3.8 | 4.3 | |||||
2.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | |||||
2.2 | 2.5 | 2.7 | |||||
2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
|
|
.3
. | |
9 | |
10 15 | |
16 17 | |
18 20 |
.4
, » | ||
0.8 | 1.0 | |
0.6 | 1.05 | |
0.3 | 1.1 | |
0.8 | 1.0 | |
0.65 | 1.1 | |
0.55 | 1.2 | |
0.45 | 1.3 | |
0.35 | 1.4 |
.5 a/d
0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |
1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
.6
. | 9 | 1114 | 1617 | 1820 | |||||||||||||||||
Kf | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.90 | |||||||||||||||
, % | |||||||||||||||||||||
KW | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.95 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.8 | 0.75 | 0.65 | |||||||||||||
( 0.5) , % | |||||||||||||||||||||
K | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.89 | |||||||||||
.7
DMAX , | , | , | , 3/ | , | , | |
і250900 | 2060 | 630 | 6.1 | |||
і400900 | 4090 | 2048 | ||||
і600900 | 75125 | 35120 | 17.7 | |||
ϖ600900 | 80160 | 4584 | 21.66 | |||
ϖ9001200 | 95165 | 130230 | 71.8 | |||
ϖ12001500 | 110190 | 230400 | 144.8 | |||
ϖ15002100 | 135225 | 450750 | 250.2 | |||
ϖ21002500 | 200300 | 8801320 |
.8
, | , | , | , | , 3/ | , | , | |
Ė500/75 | 607590 | 120180 | 42.4 | ||||
Ė900/140 | 110140160 | 330480 | 148.5 | ||||
Ė1200/150 | 130150180 | 560800 | |||||
Ė1360/180 | 160180200 | 560800 | |||||
Ė1500/200 | 160200250 | 14502300 | 3202 | ||||
Ė700/75 | |||||||
Ė700/75 |
.9
|
|
- (), | , | , | , | , 3/ | , | , | |
Ė600 | 1225 | 1940 | 4.3 | ||||
Ė900 | 1550 | 3857 | 11.2 | ||||
Ė1200 | 2050 | 80120 | 23.2 | ||||
Ė1200 | 1025 | 3885 | 23.2 | ||||
Ė1750 | 2560 | 170320 | 50.1 | ||||
Ė1750 | 1530 | 100190 | 50.1 | ||||
Ė2200 | 3060 | 360610 | 89.6 | ||||
Ė2200 | 1530 | 180360 | 89.6 | ||||
Ė3000 | 2550 | 245850 | 250.0 |
.10
- (), | , | , | , | , 3/ | , | , | |
Ė1200 | 515 | 45130 | 21.2 | ||||
Ė1200 | 312 | 2790 | 21.2 | ||||
Ė1750 | 920 | 95130 | 47.8 | ||||
Ė1750 | 515 | 85110 | 47.8 | ||||
Ė2200 | 1020 | 220260 | 87.7 | ||||
Ė2200 | 515 | 160220 | 87.9 | ||||
Ė3000 | 620 | 022 | 320440 |
.11
(iP) | () | , % () | |||
iP = dH | a = dH | ||||
1 | iP = 0.8*dH | a = 1.2*dH | |||
2 | iP = 0.8*dH | a = 1.4*dH | |||
3 | iP = 0.5*dH | a = dH | |||
iP = dH | a = dH | ||||
1 | iP = 0.8*dH | a = 1.15*dH | |||
2 | iP = 0.8*dH | a = 1.3*dH | |||
3 | iP = 0.4*dH | a = dH |
.12
, | ||||||||||||||||||||
, , % | ||||||||||||||||||||
0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
L | , , % | |||||||||||||||||||
0.94 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.55 | 2.00 | 3.36 | |||||||||||
.12
, | ||||||||||||||||
M | , % | |||||||||||||||
2.30 | 2.10 | 1.90 | 1.65 | 1.35 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.67 | ||||||||
N | ( ) | - ( ) | ||||||||||||||
1.0 | 1.25 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||
25 | 25 | |||||||||||||||
1.0 | 0.750.85 | 0.20.6 | 0.91.0 | |||||||||||||
P | 25 | 25 | ||||||||||||||
1.0 | 1.251.40 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
.13
, | ||||||||||||
, 3/(2*) | 24.5 |
.14 Ӗ1444571 Җ330670
, | |||||||||||||||
.15
, | , 2 | - | DMAX , | , | , | , 1 | , | , | |||
Җ31 | 12502500 | 3.12 | 2.57 | 8201380 | 24 | 2.45 | |||||
Җ31 | 12502500 | 3.12 | . | 36 | 820960 | 5.5 | 1.98 | ||||
Җ32 | 12502500 | 3.12 | 20,30,40 | 12,20,25 | 35 | 11.0 | 3.1 | ||||
Җ41 | 15003000 | 4.50 | . | 2.57 | 8201380 | 25.5 | 2.65 | ||||
Җ41 | 15003000 | 4.50 | 75, 100 | 5.25 | |||||||
Җ42 | 15003000 | 4.50 | 20÷80 | 12,16,20 | 3.9 | ||||||
Җ51 | 17503500 | 6.12 | 50, 75, 100, 125 | 57 | 600720 | 6.935 | 3.01 | ||||
Җ52 | 17503500 | 6.12 | 20,30,40, 60,80,100 | 12,20,25 | 7.35 | ||||||
Җ61 | 20004000 | 8.0 | 68 | 8.16 | |||||||
Җ71 | 25005000 | 12.0 | 800 | 50÷120 | 68 | 12.3 | |||||
Җ72 | 25006000 | 15.0 | 120 | 222 | 9.945 | ||||||
Җ72 | 25007000 | 17.5 | 35 | 217 | 14.3 | ||||||
Җ81 | 30008000 | 24.0 | . | 236 | 17.0 |
.16
, DMAX | f = 9 | f = 10÷11 | f = 12÷13 | f = 14÷15 | f = 16÷17 | f = 18÷20 | ||||||
+ | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
2DMAX + DMAX | ||||||||||||
DMAX +1/2DMAX | 24.0 | 100.0 | 34.0 | 100.0 | 42.5 | 100.0 | 45.0 | 100.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 | 58.0 | 100.0 |
1/2DMAX +1/4DMAX | 18.5 | 76.0 | 22.0 | 66.0 | 24.5 | 57.5 | 27.0 | 55.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 42.0 |
1/4DMAX +1/8DMAX | 11.5 | 57.5 | 15.5 | 44.0 | 13.0 | 33.0 | 12.0 | 28.0 | 13.0 | 25.0 | 10.0 | 17.0 |
1/8DMAX +1/16DMAX | 14.0 | 46.0 | 9.5 | 28.5 | 9.0 | 20.0 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 4.1 | 7.0 |
1/16DMAX +1/32DMAX | 8.0 | 32.0 | 6.0 | 19.0 | 4.4 | 11.0 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 1.7 | 2.9 |
1/32DMAX +0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
|
|
.17
Ė1750 | Ė2200 | Ė2200 | Ė2200 | |
, | ||||
,, | 3.0 2.8 2.6 | 5.0 4.3 3.6 | ||
0.074 , % | 1015 1015 1015 | 1015 1015 1015 | 34 45 67 | 78 89 1012 |
1 , - | 2.42.7 | 2.42.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
.18
, 3/ | , | , | , | , | , | |||
Ė60 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.55 | 0.02 | ||||
Ė100 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.06 | |||||
Ė200 | 0.16 | 5.5 | 0.32 | |||||
Ė300 | 1.2 | |||||||
Ė450 | 4.2 | |||||||
Ė600 | 15.1 | 7.5 | ||||||
Ė900 | 27.3 | |||||||
Ė1200 | 48.5 | |||||||
Ė1750 | ||||||||
Ė2200 |
.1
( ), | ( ), | , 3 | , % | , | , | , | , | |||
֖9001800 | 0.9 | 66.0 | 2.3 | 5.2 | ||||||
֖15003000 | 4.2 | 67.2 | 10.5 | 21.0 | ||||||
֖21002200 | 6.3 | 61.6 | 16.0 | 45.0 | ||||||
֖21003000 | 8.5 | 64.9 | 22.0 | 43.7 | ||||||
֖27003600 | 17.5 | 58.4 | 40.0 | 73.24 | ||||||
֖32004500 | 32.0 | 58.9 | 70.0 | 138.29 | ||||||
֖36004500 | 41.0 | 59.6 | 90.0 | 151.44 | ||||||
֖36005000 | 45.4 | 59.6 | 103.0 | 158.11 | ||||||
֖40005500 | 60.0 | 59.7 | 163.3 | 227.6 | ||||||
֖40005500 | 60.0 | 59.7 | 163.3 | 227.6 | ||||||
֖45006000 | 82.0 | 60.8 | 196.0 | 310.0 |
.2
( ), | ( ), | , 3 | , % | , | , | , | , | |||
Ж9301000 | 0.45 | 87.7 | 1.0 | 5.3 | ||||||
Ж12001300 | 1.0 | 85.6 | 2.4 | 10.5 | ||||||
Ж15001600 | 2.2 | 82.9 | 4.8 | 13.5 | ||||||
Ж21001500 | 4.3 | 80.3 | 10.0 | 34.4 | ||||||
Ж21002200 | 6.3 | 80.3 | 15.0 | 39.4 | ||||||
Ж21003000 | 8.5 | 80.3 | 20.0 | 43.2 | ||||||
Ж27002100 | 10.0 | 78.9 | 21.0 | 64.45 | ||||||
Ж27003600 | 17.5 | 78.9 | 36.0 | 76.4 | ||||||
Ж32003100 | 22.4 | 81.0 | 45.5 | 92.6 | ||||||
Ж32003800 | 27.5 | 81.0 | 50.5 | 110.0 | ||||||
Ж32004500 | 32.4 | 81.0 | 65.0 | 152.57 | ||||||
Ж36004000 | 36.0 | 78.7 | 76.0 | 153.68 | ||||||
Ж36005000 | 45.9 | 78.7 | 95.0 | 165.88 | ||||||
Ж40005000 | 55.0 | 79.9 | 144.8 | 242.20 | ||||||
Ж45005000 | 71.0 | 80.4 | 162.6 | 272.0 | ||||||
Ж45006500 | 86.0 | 80.4 | 177.0 | 425.0 | ||||||
Ж55006500 | 141.0 | 74.0 | 290.0 | 670.0 | ||||||
Ж60008000 | 208.0 | 75.0 | 430.0 | 670.0 |
.3
( ), | ( ), | , 3 | , % | , | , | , | , | |||
֖9001800 | 0.9 | 83.7 | 1.7 | 18.5 | 4.4 | |||||
֖12002400 | 2.0 | 85.9 | 5.2 | 13.5 | ||||||
֖15003000 | 4.2 | 82.9 | 7.5 | 21.0 | ||||||
֖21002200 | 6.3 | 80.3 | 15.0 | 46.3 | ||||||
֖21003000 | 8.5 | 80.3 | 16.5 | 50.0 | ||||||
֖27003600 | 17.5 | 78.9 | 34.0 | 71.6 | ||||||
֖32003100 | 22.4 | 81.0 | 47.0 | 89.1 | ||||||
֖32004500 | 32.4 | 81.0 | 61.0 | 138.39 | ||||||
֖36004000 | 36.0 | 79.8 | 73.0 | 142.72 | ||||||
֖36005500 | 50.5 | 78.7 | 95.0 | 159.50 | ||||||
֖40005500 | 60.0 | 79.9 | 147.5 | 230.8 | ||||||
֖45005500 | 74.0 | 80.4 | 175.2 | 255.0 | ||||||
֖45006000 | 82.0 | 80.4 | 199.6 | 271.42 | ||||||
֖45008000 | 110.0 | 80.4 | 450.0 | |||||||
֖500010500 | 180.0 | 78.7 | 850.0 | |||||||
֖55006500 | 143.0 | 74.0 | 670.0 | |||||||
֖550010500 | 180.0 | 74.0 | 440.0 | 950.0 | ||||||
֖60008500 | 220.0 | 75.0 | 428.0 | 950.0 |
.4 - () ()
( ), | ( ), | , 3 | , / | , | , | , | , | |||
Ж40007500 | 17.7 | 100150 | 297.0 | |||||||
Ӗ45006000 | 16.5 | 100150 | 345.0 | |||||||
Ж55007500 | 13.6 | 100150 | 650.0 | |||||||
Ж600012500 | 13.2 | 150250 | 900.0 | |||||||
і1500400 | 0.6 | 10.5 | ||||||||
і2100500 | 1.4 | 18.7 | ||||||||
і50001800 | 16.0 | 167.2 | ||||||||
і50002300 | 36.5 | 15.24 | 199.9 | |||||||
і70002300 | 409.0 | |||||||||
і70006000 | 700.0 | |||||||||
і90003000 | 11.1 | 829.0 | ||||||||
і90003500 | 11.1 | 866.0 | ||||||||
і100005000 | 10.2 | 24000 | 866.0 |
.5
, | , | , . | , 1 | , | , | , | ||||
1͖3 | 1.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||
1͖5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | ||||||||
1͖7.5 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |||||||
1͖10 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.0 | |||||||
1͖12 | 4.1, 8.3 | 3.0, 6.0 | 7.0 | |||||||
1͖15 | 3.4, 6.8 | 7.5 | 13.0 | |||||||
1͖20 | 2.0, 4.0 | 13.0 | 19.0 | |||||||
1͖24 | 1.8, 3.6 | 13.0 | 23.0 | |||||||
1͖24 | 2.6, 5.2 | 11.0 | 21.4 | |||||||
1͖24 | 3.6 | 22.0 | 33.1 | |||||||
1͖30 | 1.5, 3.0 | 30.0 | 37.0 | |||||||
2͖24 | 018 | 3.6 | 22.0 | 42.0 | ||||||
2͖30 | 018 | 3.6 | 40.0 | 72.0 |
.6
, . | , | , | , | , | , | ( = 40 %, = 0.1 ), 3/ | , | |||
֖25 | 4, 6, 8 | 0.010.2 | 0.8 | |||||||
֖50 | 6, 8, 12 | 2.7 | ||||||||
֖75 | 8, 12, 17 | 1040 | 6.0 | |||||||
֖150 | 10, 20 | 12, 17, 24, 34 | 2050 | 23.1 26.5 | ||||||
֖250 | 24, 34, 48, 75 | 0.030.25 | 30100 | 56.7 | ||||||
֖360 | 34, 48, 75, 96 | 40150 | 104.1 | |||||||
֖500 | 48, 75, 96, 150 | 50200 | 197.3 | |||||||
֖710 | 48, 75, 150, 200 | 0.060.45 | 60250 | 270.4 | ||||||
֖1000 | 75, 150, 200, 250 | 70280 | 453.2 | |||||||
֖1400 | 150, 200, 250, 300 | 80300 | 951.7 | |||||||
֖2000 | 250, 300, 360, 500 | 90330 | 1536.9 |
.7
, 3/ | , | , | , | , | |||
ϖ12.5/12.5 | 12.5 | 0.125 | 0.1 | 0.84 | 0.35 | 0.365 | |
Ж63/22.5 | 0.225 | 0.31 | 1.215 | 0.485 | 0.555 | ||
112/17 | 0.17 | 0.85 | 1.895 | 0.73 | 0.805 | ||
140/27.5 | 0.275 | 0.995 | 1.815 | 0.73 | 1.49 | ||
170/40 | 0.4 | 1.058 | 2.065 | 0.73 | 0.805 | ||
195/52 | 0.52 | 1.455 | 2.035 | 0.73 | |||
265/22.5 | 0.225 | 1.715 | 2.854 | 2.3 | 0.71 | ||
300/30 | 0.3 | 1.81 | 1.98 | 1.03 | 1.632 | ||
350/40 | 0.4 | 2.202 | 2.54 | 1.03 | 1.08 | ||
400/52 | 0.52 | 2.9 | 2.553 | 1.03 | 1.723 | ||
85/40 | 0.4 | 1.16 | 2.155 | 0.68 | 0.9 | ||
170/40 | 0.4 | 1.52 | 2.2 | 0.75 | 0.94 | ||
225/67 | 0.67 | 2.61 | 2.88 | 0.83 | 1.15 | ||
350/40 | 0.4 | 2.71 | 2.54 | 0.94 | 1.145 | ||
450/67 | 0.67 | 5.01 | 3.94 | 1.08 | 1.495 | ||
700/40 | 0.4 | 4.557 | 3.205 | 1.097 | 1.305 | ||
900/67 | 0.67 | 9.041 | 4.24 | 1.395 | 1.89 | ||
1400/40 | 0.4 | 8.78 | 4.015 | 1.525 | 1.94 | ||
1800/67 | 0.67 | 10.23 | 4.095 | 1.587 | 1.94 | ||
Ӗ400/20 | 0.2 | 1.92 | 2.485 | 0.825 | 0.945 | ||
Ӗ1600/25 | 0.25 | 6.08 | 3.51 | 1.455 | 1.705 | ||
Ӗ2000/63 | 0.63 | 14.15 | 4.44 | 1.895 | 1.845 | ||
Җ4000/71 | 0.71 | 15.21 | 6.375 | 2.67 | 2.37 |
3
1. 4
2. 8
2.1 8
2.1.1 8
2.1.2 9
2.1.3 12
2.1.4 18
2.2 18
2.2.1 18
2.2.2 20
2.2.3 20
2.2.4 21
2.2.5 22
2.2.6 22
2.2.7 23
2.2.8 ,
24
2.3. 27
2.3.1. 27
2.3.1.1 27
2.3.1.2 29
2.3.2 29
2.3.3 30
2.4 31
2.5 32
2.6 40
2.6.1 40
2.6.2 I 45
2.6.2.1 45
2.6.2.2 ϖ1215 45
2.6.2.2.1 ϖ1215 A
( ) 45
2.6.2.2.2 ϖ1215
( ) 46
2.6.2.3 ϖ1521 46
2.6.2.3.1 ϖ1521
( ) 46
2.6.2.3.2 ϖ1521
( ) 48
2.6.2.4 Ė1200 49
2.6.2.4.1 Ė1200
( ) 49
2.6.2.4.2 Ė1200
( ) 50
2.6.2.5 I 50
2.6.2.6 51
2.6.2.7
51
2.6.2.8
52
2.6.2.9 II 54
2.6.2.10 III 54
2.6.2.10.1 Ė1750 55
2.6.2.10.2 Ė2200 56
2.6.2.11 57
2.6.2.11.1