()
2-3
6.050102
m 0501
2011
() 6.050102, 0501, .
: . . . 104.
: . ..
___ _________
. . ..
³ .. ..., .,
Unit 1
The history of computers
I. Language
Ex. 1 Remember the following words and word combinations
device
intelligence
to refer to as
hardware
procedures ,
manner ,
various
to connect
microwave
transmission
instruction
to create
to respond
characters
data
raw ,
to refine
decision
to convert
digital computer
to increase in speed and power
entertainment
to hold
to distinguish
medium -
flexible-
desktop machine
capacity -
to execute-
string -
to request-
retrieve
visionary thinking
Ex. 2 Give English equivalents
, , , , , , , , , , .
Ex. 3. Put these words according to the alphabet and translate them:
Arrival, role, internet, fixed disk, flexible, bytes, hard disk, file, application, value, research, field.
Ex.4. Find the meaning of the words turn and obtain in the dictionary and translate the sentences:
1. He turned his head when I called him.
2. She turned pale.
3. Left-handed screw should be turned counterclockwise.
4. Whose turn is it to read?
5. Lead of the thread is the distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn.
6. They have obtained interesting results.
7. The results obtained showed that there was a mistake.
8. Having obtained interesting results, they continued the experiments.
. Reading
Ex.5. Read and translate the text A:
History and information about computers
The first electronic digital computer called ENIAC was built in 1945 in Philadelphia. It used so much electricity that lights in the nearby town dimmed every time it was used! What a long way we have made in a half-century, with personal computers in our houses, offices, and schoolrooms across the world.
|
|
|
After the arrival of the microprocessor, many different computer companies appeared and began developing their own microprocessors and microcomputers. Companies such as Apple, Compaq, and Commodore started during this period of confusion. At the conclusion of the timeline is the first home personal computer or PC, by IBM in 1981.
Computers began to steadily and rapidly increase in speed and power while becoming more compact and more user friendly from the early 1980's. The progress, however came in many small steps, rather than fewer major events like earlier years.
From the start of the decade to today, PCs have become immensely popular.
Computers have increased their role from professional and business machines to entertainment and educational tools. Telecommunications advancements such as the Internet have shown themselves to be useful both in education and business.
Hard disks or Computer hardware were invented in the 1950s. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few megabytes.
They were originally called fixed disks or Winchesters (a code name used for a popular IBM product). They later became known as hard disks to distinguish them from floppy disks.
Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, as opposed to the flexible plastic film found in tapes and floppies. At the simplest level, a hard disk is not that different from a cassette tape. Both hard disks and cassette tapes use the same magnetic recording techniques.
A typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes. Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files. A file is simply a named collection of bytes. The bytes might be the ASCII codes for the characters of a text file, or they could be the instructions of a software application for the computer to execute, or they could be the records of a data base, or they could be the pixel colors for a GIF image.
No matter what it contains, however, a file is simply a string of bytes. When a program running on the computer requests a file, the hard disk retrieves its bytes and sends them to the CPU one at a time.
The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields.
. Language
Ex. 6 Find in the text derivatives of the following words containing suffixes: - al, -ment, -ent. State to what part of speech each word belongs, translate them into Russian. Use the table on page 102-104.
Person, to arrive, profession, to entertain, education, advance, to develop, to differ.
Ex.7. Match word and word combinations in column A with those in column B:
| A 1. hardware 2. event 3. data 4. to execute 5. microprocessor 6. development 7. advancement 8. hard disk 9. decade 10. to distinguish | B a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. |
