2 | 1,8 × 10-16 | |
() 33 | I | 5,3 × 10-10 |
II | 1,8 × 10-13 | |
III | 1,6 × 10-14 | |
() HVO3 | 3 × 10-5 | |
22 | 2,4× 10-12 | |
H2WO4 | I | 1 × 10-13 |
H2GeO3 | I | 2,6 × 10-9 |
II | 1,9 × 10-3 | |
() H2SiO3 | I | 2 × 10-3 |
II | 1 × 10-12 | |
24 | I | 1 × 10-2 |
H2SO3 | I | 1,7 × 10-2 |
II | 6,8 × 10-8 | |
24 | I | 2,9 × 10-7 |
II | 6,5 × 10-12 | |
() 34 | I | 7,9 × 10-3 |
II | 1 × 10-7 | |
III | 4,5 × 10-12 | |
1 | 3,2 × 10-8 | |
2CrO4 | I | 1,8 × 10-10 |
II | 3,2 × 10-17 | |
- HCN | 4,8 × 10-10 | |
23 | I | 4,3 × 10-7 |
II | 5,6 × 10-11 | |
3 | 1,76 × 10-5 | |
224 | I | 5,9 × 10-2 |
II | 6,4 × 10-5 | |
H2S | I | 8,7 × 10-8 |
II | 3,6 × 10-13 | |
HSe- | 1× 10-11 | |
NH4OH | 1,79 × 10-5 | |
()2 | I | 5 × 10-6 |
ND4OD | 1,1 × 10-5 | |
AgOH | 5,3 × 10-3 | |
Pb(OH)2 | I | 1 × 10-3 |
II | 2 × 10-8 | |
Zn(OH)2 | I | 4 × 10-5 |
II | 1,5× 10-9 | |
BeOH+ | 5× 10-11 | |
CuOH+ | 3,4× 10-7 | |
CrOH2+ | 1× 10-10 | |
AlOH2+ | 1,38× 10-9 | |
FeOH2+ | 1,35× 10-12 | |
HF | 6,8× 10-4 | |
HNO2 | 5× 10-4 | |
HCOOH | 2,1× 10-4 |
25
Ag2S | 1,6× 10-49 |
AgJ | 1,5× 10-6 |
AgBr | 7,7 × 10-13 |
AgCl | 1,7 × 10-10 |
Ag2CO3 | 5 × 10-12 |
BaCO3 | 8 × 10-9 |
BaSO4 | 1 × 10-10 |
Be(OH)2 | 2,7 × 10-10 |
CaCO3 | 4,8 × 10-9 |
CaC2O4 | 2,6 × 10-9 |
CaF2 | 3,2 × 10-11 |
CaSO4 | 1 × 10-5 |
CdCO3 | 2,5 × 10-14 |
Ce(OH)3 | 1 × 10-21 |
Co(OH)2 | 2 × 10-16 |
CoCO3 | 1 × 10-12 |
Cu2S | 2 × 10-14 |
Cu(OH)2 | 5,6× 10-20 |
CuS | 4 × 10-38 |
Fe(OH)2 | 4,8 × 10-16 |
Fe(OH)3 | 4 × 10-38 |
FeS | 4 × 10-19 |
La(OH)3 | 5 × 10-21 |
La2(C2O4)3 | 2 × 10-28 |
Li2CO3 | 1,7 × 10-3 |
MgCO3 | 1 × 10-5 |
Mg(OH)2 | 3,2 × 10-11 |
MgNH4PO4 | 2,5 × 10-13 |
MnS | 5,6 × 10-16 |
NiS | 2× 10-28 |
Ni(OH)2 | 1,6 × 10-14 |
Sc(OH)3 | 1 × 10-28 |
SrSO4 | 2,8 × 10-7 |
TlCl | 1,5 × 10-4 |
|
|
K | |
[Fe(CN)6]4- | 1 × 10-27 |
[Fe(CN)6]3- | 1 × 10-44 |
[Fe(SCN)]2+ | 5 × 10-3 |
[Co (NH3)6]2+ | 8 × 10-6 |
[Co (NH3)6]3+ | 6 × 10-36 |
[Co (CN)4]2- | 8 × 10-20 |
[Ni (NH3)6]2+ | 2 × 10-9 |
[Zn (CN)4]2- | 2 × 10-17 |
[Cd (NH3)4]2+ | 8 × 10-8 |
[Cd (CN)4]2- | 1 × 10-17 |
[CdCl4]2- | 9 × 10-3 |
[CdI4]2- | 5 × 10-17 |
[Ni (CN)6]2- | 3 × 10-16 |
[Cu (NH3)4]2+ | 5 × 10-14 |
[Cu (CN)4]3- | 5 × 10-28 |
[Ag (NH3)2]+ | 9 × 10-8 |
[Ag (CN)]2- | 1 × 10-21 |
[Ag (S2O3)2]3- | 1 × 10-13 |
[Zn (NH3)4]2+ | 4 × 10-10 |
[Hg (CN)4]2- | 4 × 10-41 |
[Hg (SCN)4]2- | 1 × 10-22 |
[HgBr4]2- | 2 × 10-22 |
[HgCl4]2- | 6 × 10-17 |
[HgI4]2- | 5 × 10-31 |
- 25
, | j, | |
MnO4- +8+ | MnO4- + 8H+ +5 e- = Mn2++4H2O | +1,51 |
MnO4- + 4+ | MnO4- +4H++3 e- = MnO2¯ +2H2O | +1,69 |
MnO4- + 22 | MnO4- +2H2O+3 e- = MnO2¯+ 4OH- | +0,60 |
MnO4- | MnO4- + e - = MnO42- | +0,56 |
MnO2+4H+ | MnO2¯+ 4OH++ 2e- = Mn2++2H2O | +1,23 |
Cr2O72- +14H+ | Cr2O72- + 14H++6e- = 2Cr3++7H2O | +1,33 |
CrO42- +4H2O | CrO42-+4H2O+3e- = [Cr(OH)6]3-+2OH- | -0,13 |
NO3- + 4H+ | NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- = NO + 2H2O | +0,96 |
2NO3-+12H+ | 2NO3-+12H++10e- = N2+6H2O | +1,24 |
NO3- + 10H+ | NO3- + 10H++8e-=NH4++3H2O | +0,87 |
HNO2+H+ | HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O | +0,99 |
NO3- + 3H+ | NO3- + 3H++e-=HNO2+H2O | +0,94 |
S2O82- | S2O82- +2e-=2So42- | +2,01 |
H2SO3+4H+ | H2SO3+4H++4e-=s¯+3H2O | +0,45 |
So42-+8H+ | So42-+8H++6e-=S¯ +4H2O | +0,36 |
SO42-+4H+ | SO42-+4H++2e-=SO2+2H2O | +0,17 |
S4O62- | S4O62- +2e-=2S2O32- | +0,15 |
S+2H+ | S¯+2H++2e-=H2S | +0,14 |
S | S¯+2e-=S2- | -0,48 |
SO32-+3H2O | SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S¯+6OH- | -0,90 |
F2 | F2+2e-=2F | +2,85 |
2HClO+2H+ | 2HClO+2H++2e-=Cl2+2H2O | +1,63 |
Cl2 | Cl2+2e-=2Cl- | +1,63 |
ClO4-+2H+ | ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O | +1,19 |
Clo-+H2O | ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH | +0,89 |
2HBrO+2H+ | 2HBrO+2H++2e-=Br2+2H2O | +1,59 |
2BrO3-+12H+ | 2BrO3-+12H++10e-=Br2+3H2O | +1,52 |
Br2 | Br2+ 2e-=2Br- | +1,08 |
BrO-+H2O | BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH- | +0,76 |
BrO3-+3H2O | BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=Br2-+6OH- | +0,26 |
2JO3-+KH+ | 2JO3-+KH++10e-=J2+6H2O | +1,20 |
JO3-+6H+ | JO3-+6H++6e-=J-+3H2O | +1,09 |
J2 | J2+2e-=2J- | +0,54 |
JO3-+3H2O | JO3-+3H2O+6e-=J-+6Oh- | +0,26 |
Co3+ | CO3++e-=Co2+ | +1,84 |
Fe3+ | Fe3++e-=Fe2+ | +0,77 |
Fe(OH)3 | Fe(OH)3¯+e-=Fe(OH)2¯+OH- | -0,56 |
PbO2+4H+ | PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2+2H2O | +1,45 |
SnO32-+6H+ | SnO32-+6H++2e-=Sn2++3H2O | +0,15 |
O2+2H+ | O2+2H++2e-=H2O2 | +0,68 |
O3+2H+ | O3+2H++2e- = O2+H2O | +2,07 |
O3+H2O | O3+H2O+2e-=O2+2OH- | +1,24 |
H2O2+2H+ | H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O | +1,77 |
H2O2 | H2O2+2e-=2OH- | +0,88 |
D0f, S0 DG0f
|
|
D0f, / | S0, ×-1×-1 | DG0f, / | |
Br2 () | 152.3 | ||
Br2 () | 30.9 | 245.3 | 3.14 |
() | 5.73 | ||
() | 1.89 | 2.38 | 2.89 |
Cl2 () | 223.0 | ||
F2 () | 203.3 | ||
2 () | 130.6 | ||
N2 () | 191.5 | ||
Na () | 51.4 | ||
O2 () | 205.0 | ||
O3 () | 142.3 | 238.8 | 163.2 |
S () | 31.88 | ||
S () | 42.44 | ||
() | -110.5 | 197.4 | -137.2 |
2 () | -393.5 | 213.6 | -394.3 |
Cl2 () | -223.0 | 289.2 | -210.4 |
COS () | -137.2 | 231.5 | -169.2 |
4 () | -74.85 | 186.2 | -50.75 |
CCl4 () | -139.3 | 214.4 | -68.2 |
24 () | 52.28 | 219.4 | 68.11 |
HCl () | -92.3 | 186.7 | -95.19 |
HF () | -268.6 | 173.5 | -269.9 |
2 () | -241.8 | 188.7 | -228.6 |
2 () | -285.8 | 70.08 | -237.3 |
22 () | -187.0 | 105.8 | -120.4 |
2S () | -20.15 | 205.6 | -33.01 |
2S4 () | -811.3 | 156.9 | -690.1 |
2S () | 85.52 | 221.3 | 71.13 |
NH3 () | -46.19 | 192.5 | -16.61 |
(N4)2S4 () | -1179.0 | 220.3 | -900.8 |
NO () | 90.37 | 210.6 | 86.57 |
NO2 () | 33.89 | 240.4 | 51.84 |
N2O () | 81.55 | 220.0 | 103.6 |
NaCl () | -410.9 | 72.36 | -383.9 |
SO2 () | -296.9 | 248.1 | -300.4 |
SO3 () | -395.2 | 256.2 | -370.4 |
1. .. . - .:, 1989.
2. .. . - .:, 1985.
1. . ............................................ 3
2. ..............................................................10
3. ................................21
4. -.....................................24
5. .........................................................39
6. .....................................59
7. . ...75
8. ......................................................................91
9. . ........................98
10. ....................................................107
11. ..............................................120
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. .. 9,68
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, 249020, ., .,6