.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





(a) ().

.

a = 1, .. .

1

1 Al2(SO4)3.

Al2(SO4)3 - , . . . :

Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO42-.

, 2 3 - Þ

[Al3+]=2×C = 2 /; [SO42-]= 3× = 3 /.

 

2

0.1 NaOH.

- ( ), , :

NaOH Na++OH- ;

-, ,

[OH-]= = 0.1 /,

= - lg [OH-]= 1,

pH= 14- = 13.

 

.

, , , .

3

0.2 .

a<1, :

H2SO3 HSO3- + H+,

1= [HSO3-]×[H+]/[H2SO3]= 1.6×10-2; (1)

HSO3- SO32- + H+,

Ka2= [SO32-]×[H+]/[HSO3-]= 6.3×10-8. (2)

, HSO3- H+, SO32- H+, ,

[HSO3-]+ 2×[SO32-]= [H+], (3)

[H2SO3]= C - [HSO3-]- [SO32-]. (4)

(1)-(4) , , Ka1>>Ka2. , + HSO3- , , . SO32-.

[+], [HSO3-] [H2 SO3]

(1) , + HSO3-, , = [+] = [HSO3-2], [H2 SO3]= - .. ,

1= 2 /( - )= 1.6×10-2

2 /(0.2- )= 1.6×10-2,

1 = -6.5×10-2 2 = 4.9×10-2. , .

[+] = [HSO3-] = 4.9×10-2 /, [H2 SO3]= 0.151 /,

a1 = [+]/ = 4.9×10-2 //0.2 / = 0.245, 24.5%.

[SO32-]

[+] [HSO3-] (2)

[SO32-]×[H+]/[HSO3-]= [SO32-] = 2 = 6.3×10-8 /,

a2 = [SO32-]/[HSO3-]= 6.3×10-8 /./ 4.9×10-2 / = 1.29 ×10-6.

: .

4

5%- ( r=0.97 /).

1). . 1 :

mp= V×r = 1000 ×0.97 / = 970 ;

m= mp×w = 970 ×0.05 = 48.5 ;

n= m/ = 48.5 /35/ =1.39 ;

=n/ V= 1.39 /1 = 1.39 /.

2). :

NH4OH NH4+ + OH-.

= [NH4+]×[OH-]/[NH4OH]= 1.8×10-5.

a = Ö(/) = a=Ö(1.8×10-5 /1.39) = 3.6 ×10-3;

a<<1, , . 1 -; a× , , -,

[-]= a× =3.6 ×10-3 × 1.39 / = 5.00×10-3 /,

= - lg[-] = - lg 5.00×10-3 = 2.30,

pH = 14-pOH= 14 -2.30 = 11.70.

: , a > 0.1, a =a2×/(1-a) (. 3), a..





:


: 2016-10-06; !; : 28855 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

2163 - | 1806 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.012 .