Participle I
(Present Participle)
I : ing: read reading , , leave leaving , , sit sitting , ..
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite Participle | asking | being asked |
| Perfect Participle | having asked | having been asked |
1. Give the Present Participle of these verbs:
to advertise, to crowd, to produce, to exhibit, to cross, to complete, to sit, to study, to build, to turn, to inform, to greet, to examine, to play, to dance, to fall, to state, to agree.
2. Translate the following participles:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
3. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, paying special attention to the function of the Participle in the sentence:
1. The boy playing in the garden is my sisters son. 2. He asked her to go on with her story, promising not to interrupt her again. 3. Receiving no letters from her father, she called him. 4. He left the office at three oclock, saying he would be back at five. 5. She stood leaning against the wall. 6. He lay on the sofa reading a book. 7. Seeing her he raised his hat. 8. Having signed the letter the manager asked the secretary to send it off at once. 9. Having lived in that town all his life, he knew it very well. 10. Having arranged everything, he went home on the 10.30 train. 11. Being checked with great care, the report didnt contain any errors. 12. Being told of his arrival, I went to see him. 13. Having been advised by the doctor to go to the south, she decided to spend her holiday in Sochi. 14. A person bringing good news is always welcome.
4. Replace subordinate clauses by participial constructions:
1. I think the man who is trying on that suit, wears the same size as you do. 2. When the director came into the office he saw several people who were waiting for him. 3. I dont know the name of the actress who is playing the part of Karenina. 4. When I lived in Moscow I often visited the Tretyakov Gallery. 5. The famous ballerina who was dancing the leading part made the greatest impression on us. 6. When she crosses the street she is always very careful. 7. When I travel I always reserve accommodation in advance. 8. When the editor learned that his newspaper had been taken over by another publisher, he resigned from his position. 9. When I visit a strange city, I like to have a guide-book with me. 10. Now that I have heard you side of the question, I am more inclined to agree with you.
5. Join the groups of sentences, using participles, and making any necessary changes in the word order:
Model: 1. He got off the bus. He helped his grandmother.
Getting off the bus, he helped his grandmother.
2. They found the treasure. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.
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Having found the treasure, they began quarrelling about how to divide it.
3. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on the bed.
Being exhausted by his work, he threw himself on the bed.
1. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 2. She didnt want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 3. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking. 4. I turned on the light. I was impressed by what I saw. 5. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park. 6. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we had got lost. 7. She asked me to help her. She realized she couldnt move it alone. 8. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner. 9. I didnt like to sit down. I knew that the grass was very wet.
6. Translate into English:
1. , , - . 2. . 3. , , . 4. . 5. , , . 6. , . 6. , , . 7. , . 8. , , . 9. , , . 10. , . 11. , , . 12. , .
Participle II
(Past Participle)
II () , .. ed: solved (-, -), closed (-, -)
II : , .. ( 3- V3): spoken, made, gone.
)
the solved problem/ the problem solved
II -, - ,-, -:
| the houses built | |
| the openedbook | |
| the method used |
)
| Well-known all over the world the Russian book on Electronics was also translated into English. | , . |
| When given the book read the chapter about environment protection. | , . |
1. Give the three forms of these verbs and translate their Past Participle forms into Russian:
to repeat, to complete, to examine, to hold, to open, to make, to tell, to send, to spend, to build, to show, to know, to forget, to buy, to invite, to break, to see, to find
2. Translate the following participles:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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3. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, paying special attention to the function of the Participle in the sentence:
1. You can get the recommended book in the library. 2. Informed of the arrival of the ship they sent a car to the port. 3. She showed the travelers into the room reserved for them. 4. Books read in childhood seem like old friends. 5. The answer received from her greatly surprised us. 6. The story told by him made a great impression on us. 7. The price of compressors quoted by the firm is very high. 8. The cars produced by this company are of high quality. 9. We are satisfied with the achieved agreement between our countries. 10. When she entered the room she saw pieces of a broken vase on the floor. 11. The article written by him was a success. 12. The mistakes found in the test must be corrected right away.
4. Use Past Participle instead of attributive clauses:
1. The book which was translated by a friend of mine is very interesting. 2. The blocks of houses which were built in new districts of Astana are nice and comfortable. 3. The progress which is achieved by our chemical industry is wonderful. 4. Everybody likes pictures which are painted by Rapin, the famous Russian artist. 5. The new performance which is produced at the Sovremennik theatre made a great impression on everybody. 6. Did you take part in the talks which were held last week? 7. The houses which were built many years ago are not as convenient as the modern ones. 8. At the conference they discussed new methods which were used in building. 9. The TV-set which you bought a week ago is of the latest design. 10. The price-list which you enclosed with this letter gives all terms of payment and delivery. 11. The book which you bought is very interesting. 12. These are the samples of the products which were produced at our factory last month.
5. Join the groups of sentences, using Past Participle, and making necessary changes in the word order:
1. The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction. 2. The meat was cooked for several hours. It was still tough. 3. The picture is seen from this angle. It looks rather good. 4. Different vegetables are sold in this shop. They are grown without chemicals. 5. This poem is often read aloud. It is very effective. 6. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on the bed. 7. He found his revolver. He loaded it and sat down facing the door. 8. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it. 9. The lion found the cage door open. He left the cage and went slowly towards the zoo entrance. 10. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station.
6. Open the brackets, using Participle I or Participle II:
1. I must have the mixer (fixing, fixed). 2. I don't find this story (amusing, amused). 3. My room is in a mess: I really must get it (tidying, tidied) up.
4. I would stay at home after such a (tiring, tired) day. 5. Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse (naming, named) Pete on his farm. 6. Can you smell something (burning, burned)? 7. He opened the letter with (shaking, shaken) fingers. 8. She had rather a (pleasing, pleased) look on her face. 9. Deeply (shocking, shocked) I left them.
10. When (answering, answered) your question yesterday I forgot this fact.
11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning, turned) up, hands in pockets.
12. I didn't enjoy the party because I was (boring, bored) there. 13. Why not throw away the (breaking, broken) umbrella we are not likely to repair it. 14. She didn't pay any attention to the (ringing, rung) telephone. 15. Don't you think your hair needs (cutting, cut)? 16. Can you think of the name of an animal (beginning, begun) with "B"?
7. Make up sentences according to these models, use the verbs given in brackets:
1. They have already examined the samples sent by the firm. (to advertise, to state, to request, to require, to buy)
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2. All the points discussed during the talks have been settled. (to consider, to grant, to conclude, to mention)
8. Translate into English:
1. . 2. , . 3. , , . 4. , , . 5. . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , , . 9. , . 10. . 11. , , . 12. , , .
The Infinitive
| Indefinite to read | to be read |
| Continuous to be reading | to be being read |
| Perfect to have read | to have been read |
| Perfect Continuous to have been reading | - |
)
| It was not easy to live there because of the severe climate. (= To live there was not easy) ) | - . |
| The problem to be solved is complicated. | , . |
) ( - to be)
| I was sorry to hear about his death. | (. ) . |
| We agreed to help him. | . |
)
| One must study hard to know English well. | , , . |
1. Use the particle to before the Infinitive where necessary:
1. I like play the guitar. 2. My brother can speak German. 3. We had put on our raincoats because it was raining heavily. 4. They wanted cross the river. 5. It is high time for you go to bed. 6. May I use your telephone? 7. I would rather stay at home today. 8. Would you like to go to Paris? 9. You look tired. You had better go home. 10. Id like speak to Jane, but I cant find her telephone number. 11. Let me help you with your English. 12. I think I shall be able solve this problem. 13. I shall do all I can help you. 14. The teacher made the students repeat the sentence twice. 15. She did not let her mother go away. 16. That funny scene made us laugh.
2. State the form and the function of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. To go on with this discussion is to waste time. 2. Oh, Im sorry to have taken so much of your time. 3. It all sounds too good to be true. 4. Now the first thing to decide is what to take with us. 5. He was the first to break the silence. 6. Look back to make sure you havent left anything behind. 7. She was the last to realize how dangerous it was. 8. I didnt come here to be shouted at. 9. He came here to speak to me, not to you. 9. To meet the demands for goods, new shops have been opened in the town. 10. The plan will be discussed at the meeting to be held on May 25. 11. It is not at all necessary to go into details. 12. I rose to receive my guests. 13. He looked at the shelves of books to be read. 14. He received a letter to say that he was expected at the family dinner.
3. Replace the group of words in bold type by the Infinitive according to the model:
Model: She was the first lady who left.
She was the first (lady) to leave.
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1. The manager was the last who left the shop. 2. There was no place where we could sit. 3. He was the only one who realized the danger. 4. I have no books which I can read. 4. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 5. Dont forget that she has a baby she must take care of. 6. He opened the door, he intended to go out. 7. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 8. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I cant go to the theatre with you. 9. Here is something which will warm you up. 10.Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 11. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 12. Here are some shelves which you can keep your books on.13. Have you got anything that you want to say on this subject?
4. Use the correct form of the infinitive in brackets:
1. Remember (to lock) the door. 2. He refused (to lend) me 5$. 3. Henry is said (to smoke) for 20 years. 4. He is reported (to win) 1000$. 5. She wanted (to introduce) to me. 6. The students appear (to inform) about it long ago. 7. He expected {to help) by his friends. 8. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 8. I am sorry (to break) my pen. 9. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 10. I hope (to see) you soon. 11. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 12. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 13. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. 14. Ill try (to do) what I can (to do). 15. There is nothing (to trouble) about.
5. Complete the following sentences by adding the infinitive to each sentence:
1. Her dream was. 2. What I wanted was . 3. The general idea was . 4. His hobby is . 5. The first thing you must do is . 6. The last thing I meant was . 7. The main thing is . 8. The only thing to do was . 9. Your only chance is . 10. You job will be . 11. My only wish is . 12. What she wants is .
6. Translate into English using the necessary form of the Infinitive:
1. , . 2. , 3, . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. . 8. . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. . 13. . 14. , .
The Complex Object
The Construction Object + Infinitive or Participle I
, .. , , .
:
) : to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to find , , to expect , , , to suppose , to mean . to be, (to consider, to find)
| I knew them to be right. | , . |
| I find him (to be) a very clever man. | , |
| She doesnt consider him (to be) an honest man | , . |
| We expect them to come soon. | , . |
) : to want , to desire , to mean , to intend , to choose :
| I want him/them/the students to readthe novel. | , // . |
| He intended me to go with him to India. | , . |
) : to like , , to dislike , to hate , :
| What would you like me to do? | , ? |
) : to hear , to see , to watch , to notice , to feel , to observe .. to. , , I:
| I saw her leave/ leaving the house. | , . |
| He heard the car stop/ stopping. | , |
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| I want the book to be read by you. | , . |
| He expected the machine to be seen in operation. | . |
1. Read and translate the following sentences:
1. Id like you to tell me something about your trip. 2. They expect us to finish the work in time. 3. Do you expect your son to do well at school? 4. He wanted the secretary to reserve a room for him at the hotel. 5. We expected the train to arrive at the station in time. 6. Id like you to make an appointment with Mr. Smith for tomorrow. 7. He doesnt want us to miss the 7 oclock train. 8. I dont want you to miss the opportunity of visiting the exhibition. 9. Wed like you to join us for dinner. 10. Ive often heard him talk about the town he was born in. 11. The father didnt notice his son put on his coat and go out of the room. 12. I myself saw your friend walking along the platform. 13. Little children watched the old men playing chess. 14. She felt the stranger looking at her.
2. Open the brackets using the Infinitive in the correct voice form:
1. I should like you (to settle) the matter today. 2. I should like the matter (to settle) today. 3. They expected the firm (to sell) the goods on c.i.f. terms. 4. They expected the goods (to sell) on c.i.f. terms. 5. I want you (to send) the letter as soon as possible. 6. I want the letter (to send) as soon as possible. 7. The teacher wanted the students (to read) that book. 8. The teacher wanted that book (to read) by the students. 9. Do you want them (to book) accommodation in advance? 10. Do you want accommodation (to book) in advance? 11. Would you like him (to complete) the translation today? 12. Would you like the translation (to complete) today? 13. We expect them (to clear up) the matter right away. 14. We expect the matter (to clear up) right away.
3. Choose the sentences with the Complex Object:
1. Ann wanted to be introduced to me. 2. Ann wanted him to be introduced to her. 3. We expect everybody to be ready at seven. 4. We want our young artist to accept the best traditions of art. 5. We often heard her sing that song. 6. It is important for the students to learn foreign languages. 7. I knew him to be a very clever man. 8. We knew nothing of the research work to be carried out next month. 9. She wants her plan to be adopted. 10. We know Pete to have been a good sportsman. 11. What makes you suspect him? 12. It is easier to give advice than to follow it. 13. Howard wants to teach you Spanish. 14. He doesnt allow his computer to be used. 15. They made me repeat the story. 16. She seems to have lost the money. 17. He is sure to come in time. 18. I would like you to hurry them up.
4. Translate into English:
1. , ? - . 2. , - . 3. , ? 4. , - . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , , . 9. , ? 10. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , ? 15. , . 16. , - .
The Complex Subject
() . :
| 1. to see, to hear, to watch, to notice, etc., 2. to think, to consider, to believe, to expect, to suppose, to know, etc., 3. to say, to report, to ask, to allow, to state, 4. : to be likely, to be unlikely, to be sure, to be certain 5. : to seem, to appear, to prove, to happen, to turn out, etc. | The car was seen to disappear in the distance. , . Shewas heard to laugh heartily. , . He was thought to be honest and kind. . (, ) He is considered to have been one of the most popular writers of his time. , . She is said to be working at the factory. , . The delegation is reported to have left Astana. , . He is unlikely to know her address. , . He is sure to be asked about it. . Theyseem to have quite forgotten us already. , , . The first experiment proved to be a success. . |
1. Read and translate the following sentences:
1. His childhood is said to have been very difficult. 2. He didnt seem to know you.
3. You are expected to know these things. 4. The actress is said to be very beautiful. 5. He was said to have organized the whole business. 6. The man doesnt seem to recognize you. 7. He is said to have a very good library. 8. She is unlikely to arrive by this train today. 9. They are sure to invite us to their party. 10. She seems to have done it especially for you. 11. He is known to be a very honest man. 12. The experiment is supposed to be made next week. 13. They are said to have a wonderful collection of stamps.
2. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive:
1. He seems (to read) since morning. 2. He is said (to know) French well. 3. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 4. They turned out (to quarrel). I could hear their angry voices. 5. You are likely (to miss) the train if you dont take a taxi. 6. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it while cleaning the house. 7. You seem (to look) for trouble. 8. He is said (to spend) his youth in China. 9. She is known (to teach) by her father. 10. He is unlikely (to come). It is raining heavily. 11. She turned out (to know) the subject well. 12. Even if she is out, you neednt worry. She is sure (to leave) the key under the door-mat. 13. A young woman is supposed (to write) this book.
3. Choose the sentences with the Complex Subject:
1. I am sorry to have troubled you. 2. He seems to be sleeping. 3. He was said to have played tennis well. 4. To follow such advice isnt easy. 5. He is a wonderful person to know. 6. Weve got nothing to worry about. 7. Our plans are likely to change. 8. He doesnt allow us to read his letters. 9. English is known to have borrowed a lot of French words. 10. We expect everybody to take part in the discussion. 11. Many passengers were reported to have been saved. 12. He happened to see this film twice. 13. She is sure to know some foreign languages. 14. I saw him run. 15. I am sorry to have done it. 16. This river is believed to be suitable for navigation. 17. Do you want me to help you? 18. The performance was said to have been a success.
4. Translate into English:
1. , . 2. , . 3. , 15 . 4. , . 5. , , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. . 9. . 10. , . 11. , , . 12. , , . 13. . 14. , , . 15. , .
The Gerund
: ing. .
| Solving this problem is a very difficult task. | ( ) . | ||||
| Active | Passive | ||||
| Non-Perfect | reading | being read | |||
| Perfect | having read | having been read | |||
:
) to start , to finish , to go on , to stop .
| Everybody went on applauding. | . |
to stop , .
| The man stopped reading the advertisement. | . |
| The man stopped to read the advertisement. | , . |
) to like , to prefer , to enjoy , -, to be worth .
| The machines are worth exhibiting. | . |
) , , : to look forward to , to object to -, to depend on , to be interested in , to be fond of ,
| He objects tomy going away on Sunday. | , . |
| I am fond ofreading. | . |
| We are interested in buying these goods. | . |
1. Read and translate these sentences:
1. The doctor went on examining him. 2. Is this model worth producing? 3. The young girl was fond of dancing. 4. Why do you object to his joining us? 5. I prefer staying at home to going for a walk tonight. 6. Could you please stop making so much noise? 7. I dont enjoy writing letters. 8. Tom left without finishing his dinner. 9. I wonder what prevented him from coming to the party. 10. The arrested man was suspected of breaking into houses. 11. Have you ever thought of getting married? 12. Its no use trying to make you see my point. 13. As to me, I simply love cooking. 14. I had difficulty in finding a place to live. 15. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer. 16. They began making the experiment in May. 17. I remember his having been interested in languages in his childhood. 18. What is the reason of his having left our city so suddenly? 19. Instead of restoring the old theatre they decided to build a new one in the centre of the town. 20. At the meeting they discussed different ways of improving their work.
