.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





(assets) , (, , . .), ( , , . .).

() (opportunity cost) ,

, . : , , .

( . "") , .

( . "") ,

(English auction) , , .

(antitrust statues) , .

( . " ") , .

( . ", ") , .

( . " ") ( . ) , .

(rent) , , , ( ), .

(information asymmetry) , , .

1 (nonrisk assets) , ( , , .).

(goods) , .

̔ ("pork barrel ") ( ) , .

, , (budget constraint) , , .

() (profit) , ( ) , .

(gross investment) .

(total revenue) , () , . " " , ( ).

(probability) .

(1tarit of goods) ( ) ( )

.

(substitution of goods) ( ) ( ) .

() (explicit costs) , .

, (extrenalities)

, .

() (implicit costs) .

( ) (internal rate of

return, IRR) .

( ), . : ; , , ( ).

(increasing economy of scale) , . , 20% 30%.

(time preference) .

(the second theorem of welfare economics) , - .

(tt) ( ), .

(revenue) . .

( . "") , , .

(Dutch auction) , , .

(state property) , , .

(bilateral monopoly) , ( ).

( . "") .

( . " , ") , .

( . ", , ") .

(diversification) , ( ) ( ) .

(portfolio diversification) , .

Δ (prisoners dilemma ) , ( ), .

(discouting) (, ) (snt vlue)

FVn

PDV= ,

(1 + i)n

PDV ;

FVn n ;

i .

.

( . "")

. :

n

σ2 = ∑ πi [xi E (x)]2,

I = 1

σ2 ,

xi ,

πi ,

() .

.

(1gr) ,

.

(dominant strategy) , . , () ,

.

(arc elasticity) , .

- ∆Q P -(Q2 Q1) (P2 + P) / 2 -(Q2 Q1) (P2 + P)

EPD = * = * = *

∆P Q (P2 P1) (Q2 + Q) / 2 (P2 P1) (Q2 + Q1)

(duopoly) , , .

(natural monopoly) , , , , , .

, , , .

, , , , . ., .

(law of supply)

.

, ,

,

, . ., .

(law of demand)

.

, ,

.

ܭ

(law of diminishing marginal returns) , ,

- ( )

,

.

(g1 1w) ,

, (0 < 1 < 1 ), I > 1

.

, (seated bid auction )

,

, .

(wage) ,

.

(costs) , ()

.

(land rent)

, .

, (land, natural resources)

, .

(, ) (zone of substitution)

, .

(game)

, .

(-zr-su g) ,

, , , .

(zr-su g) ,

,

.

() (sr surplus)

, , ,

() (producer surplus)

.

(isoquant) , ,

;

.

(isocost 1i) , ,

;

 

C = w * L + r * K C w

 

K = - *L. r r

 

. .

(investment)

, . ()

(gross investments) (depreciation)

(t investment) .

( )

,

.

.

.. (Lerner index)

m - MC 1

IL = = ,

m E

 

IL ;

m ;

;

.

= . , IL = 0. IL

(IL > 0),

. , .

(1 power index) . ,

.

ߗ (rfindah l irshman index, IHH )

, .

. ,

,

.

:

 

IHH = S12 + S22 + S32 + + Sn2,

 

IHH ;

S1 ;

S2 ;

Sn .

(. .

), S1 = 100%, IHH 1 = 10 000. 100 ,

S1 = 1%, IHH = 100.

(individual propertyship) ,

,

.

(individual demand) ,

.

( . "")

.

(institutionalism)

,

.

(intercpecific resources)

- , ,

.

(ita1) ,

.

(isocuant ) ,

,

.

(indifference curve )

.

(rte1) ,

() /

.

( ) (second best)

, -

.

(Keynesian economics)

,

.

(classical contract law) ,

,

.

() (classical liberalism)

, .

,

.

(command economy) ,

() ,

,

.

(compensating wage )

, .

(1tr gds) ,

.

(rative g) ,

.

.

(rrective subsidy)

,

,

.

(rrective t)

, ,

;

, "" .

(corporation) ,

,

(

).

(Gini coefficient) , ,

.

(short run)

,

.

(indifference curve)

( )

.

"ė" (insti rv) ,

( ).

(contract rv)

,

:

Px

MRSAxy = MRSBxy = .

Py

 

( Y X

X Y).

(Lr rv) ,

.

(s1 rv)

,

.

() ƭ (production

possibilities curve (fvontier)) ,

,

.

(production contract curve)

- ,

:

w

MRTSALK = MRTSBLK = .

r

.

(reactive curve) ,

.

(demand rv)

,

.

"" (price consumption curve) ,

,

( )

(g1 rv) ,

.

: , .

(Caldor Hicks criteria )

, , ,

, .

(1bbying)

.

(1grolling " ")

" ".

(inferior goods) ,

( ).

,

( ).

(immediate period) ,

.

(intentemporal budget constraint)

.

( )

(deadweight loss)

.

( . thodos" -) ,

.

.

(microeconomics) ,

(, , .)

.

(model) ,

, , .

(median voter model) ,

,

-

(, ).

(tarism) ,

.

(monopol) . .

(listic titi)

, .

, "

", .

(monopsony) .

(moral hazard) ,

,

( ) .

(rivality i stio)

,

. ,

.

(lusivit i sti)

, ,

.

: -

, .

(risk neutrality) ,

.

(-erative g) ,

. .

(lassil ntrt 1w)

,

c.

(rational demand) ,

,

, ,

.

( ) (w

political economy / public choice theory) ,

,

.

(nominal wage rate ) ,

.

(nominal rate of interest) ,

(, , ) .

(rate of depreciation) ,

() .

(normal profit),

έ (zero profit)

.

,

.

(normative economics) ,

,

, (

) .

(total utility, TU)

.

() (common property)

(), ,

, ()

.

(general equilibrium) ,

,

.

(total costs, TC)

- ,

.

(common resources)

: , .

(normal good) ,

,

- ( ).

(risk pooling) ,

, ,

.

( . "") ,

, .

(expected value)

.

(oligopoly) ,

,

,

.

(opportunist behavior)

,

.

, (option)

(),

-

().

.

, , (relational

contracting) ,

.

(negative externality)

, ,

.

, . .

.

(paradox f voting) ,

,

.





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