..
1995
.
............................................ 3
,
................... 3
............................. 4
1.
............. 5
2.
ⅅ................... 12
3.
.............. 19
4.
....................... 26
5.
. 33
6.
..... 41
7.
,
""............................................. 49
8.
,
""...................................... 56
: .. , ...,
.. , ...,
.. , ...,
,
-
11 10.08.94
. ..
.. 1994 .
, , ,
, , . , .
" " . , - .
|
|
1,2,7,8 .., 3,4 - .., 5,6 - ..
3 :
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
1. :
) , , . , .
) - , ;
) . .
2. 2-3 , . . , . . . , . , . , , , . . , . , , , . . 30-35 .
3. , . :
- ;
- - ;
- .
- ..
.
, .
, , . , , .
|
|
1
.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
, . . .
U R (.1) , , I = U / R.
.
: , , .
; . ( ) , , .. (.2). . . ,
, .2,
U = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4
:
R1 = U1 / I; R2 = U2 / I; R3 = U3 / I; R4 = U4 / I
R = U / I = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4.
U :
) :
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
) : I = U / R.
) :
U1 = R1I; U2 = R2I; U3 = R3I; U4 = R4I;
) : U = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4.
( ) , () , .. . .3. I, .. , , I1 I2 :
I = I1 + I2;
G, , , .. G = 1 / R. ().
G1 G2, G(. ) :
G1 = I1 / U; G2 = I2 / U; G = I / U = G1 + G2,
G = 1 / R; G1 = 1 / (R2 + R3); G2 = 1 / (R5 + R6).
, , .
U, , , ..
I1 = U / (R2 + R3) = UG1; I2 = U / (R5 + R6) = UG2
I .
I , :
|
|
) G1 G2;
) G;
) I
U = I / G;
) I1 = UG1; I2 = UG2:
) .
R I, U, P :
P = UI = I2R = U2 / R
, , .2, , R2;
P2 = U2I = IR22 = U22 / R2.
(, , ) .
, , (.4). , .
, , (.5). , .
, . , (.6). . .
, R1 R6, 4. . , R1, R2, R3, R4, - , , R2 R3, R5 R6.
. + -, , .. .
377, . , . .
1. .
1.2. .7.
1.3. , 3,, -I ".", -2 - 1 2 .
1.4. f, . U 3 Uaf . 1.
1.5. .1 , I .
1.6. R1 R4, Uaf . 1.
1.7. , 1 2 "+" "-" .
|
|
1.8. , Raf. .1.
2. .
2.1. . 8.
2.2. , 1 2.
2.3. + - , U . 2.
2.4. I, I1, I2, . 2.