a) He will have painted the picture by 3 o’clock.
________________________________________________
b) She will have written her diploma paper by December.
________________________________________________
c) They will have come back by Monday.
_________________________________________________
d) My aunt will have sent a parcel by the end of the week.
_________________________________________________
e) My friend will have learnt the poem by Tuesday.
______________________________________________
f) We will have arrived by 2013.
_______________________________________________
g) They will have made their dream by the end of the course.
______________________________________________
13(b) Match the beginnings with the ends
| Beginnings | Ends | ||
| I (not finish)______________ the report by Monday, | a | and we will be able to get a smaller house | |
| In a couple of years the children (leave) __________________home | b | and it’s needed for Monday morning. | |
| On our next wedding anniversary | c | he (finish) _______________ the roof by Saturday. | |
| The builder says | d | she (check) ______________ our papers by the end of the week. | |
| The teacher promises | e | we (be)_________________ married for 25 years. |
C) Write interrogative sentences
a) He will have painted the picture by 3 o’clock.
________________________________________________
b) She will have written her diploma paper by December.
c) They will have come back by Monday.
_________________________________________________
d) My aunt will have sent a parcel by the end of the week.
_________________________________________________
e) My friend will have learnt the poem by Tuesday.
______________________________________________
f) We will have arrived by 2013.______________________________
g) They will have made their dream by the end of the course.
_______________________________________________________
13 (d) Translate from English into Russian
1 One of the guests has just fallen.
_________________________________
2 The doctor hasn’t arrived yet.
_________________________________
3 My sister hasn’t cleaned the bathroom yet.
__________________________________
4 Our taxi hasn’t arrived yet.
_________________________________
5 She had ordered the tickets before he called her.______________________
14 Passive voice.
Form.
We make the passive with the verb to be and a Past Participle.
Form
Present Simple Passive
Positive Question Negative
| It | is | written. | Is | it | written? | It | is | not | written |
| They | are | written | Are | they | written? | They | are | not | written |
Past Simple Passive
Positive Question Negative
| It | was | written. | Was | it | written? | It | was | not | written |
| They | were | written | Were | they | written? | They | were | not | written |
Future Simple Passive
Positive Negative
| It | will | be | written. | It | will | not | be | written. |
| They | will | be | written. | They | will | not | be | written. |
Question
| Will | it | be | written? |
| Will | they | be | written? |
e.g. Present – English is spoken in many countries.
Fossils are found in sedimentary rock.
e.g. Past –My bag was stolen.
The hard parts were buried under moist layers of mud or sand.
Future – The weather will be affected by the volcano.
We can use the passive in any tense. To make different tenses we change the verb to be.
| Past | Present | Future | |
| Simple | Past Simple Passive was /were written | Present Simple Passive am/is/are written | Future Simple Passive will be written |
| Perfect | Past Perfect Passive had been written | Present Perfect Passive have/has written | Future Perfect Passive will have been written |
| Progressive | Past Progressive Passive was/were being written | Present Progressive Passive am/is/are being written | _________ |
- Future Simple Passive in the past - would be written
- We can use the passive with a modal verb.
We use a modal verb + be + past participle (V3)
e.g. Cars shouldn’t be parked there.
It can’t be done.
She must be told.
Present progressive – It is being made.
Present Perfect – Three people have been injured.
Past Progressive – It was being made.
Past perfect – It had been made.
Use.
· The passive is very common in English.
· We use it when we are more interested in the action than in who or what did it.
· If we want to show who or what does the action, we use by.
e.g. The term was coined by Vernandsky. The evidence is examined by forensic scientists.
· We usually use with when we talk about the thing we use to do the action (such as tools and equipment)
e.g. The wall was painted with a special paint.
When we talk about materials, we usually use of
e.g. That table is made of wood.
Look at this sentence:
Sandy broke the window yesterday.
Subject verb object
A sentence like this with subject +verb + object is called an active sentence or a sentence in the active voice.
· But we can turn it round, so the window comes at the beginning of the sentence. To do this we have to make it a passive sentence or put it into the passive voice.
There are five main steps:
1. Take the object of the first sentence and make it the subject our new sentence:
The window …
2. Add the verb to be in the same tense as in the active sentence (broke = past simple):
The window was…
3. Add the past participle of the verb in the active sentence
(broke broken):
The window was broken…
4. Add by + the subject of the first sentence (Sandy)
The window was broken by Sandy…
5. Finish off the sentence in the appropriate way.
The window was broken by Sandy yesterday.
· The passive is: noun/pronoun +be + past participle (by/with/of +noun)
14 (a) Match the form of the passive in each sentence with the name of the passive tense.
| Were you asked? | Present passive |
| Is Greek spoken here? | Past passive |
| He will be punished. | Present perfect passive |
| I haven’t been informed. | Future passive |
| He was killed in an accident. | Past perfect passive |
| The room hadn’t been cleaned. |
