1. Next Monday, Amanda 1) will have been starting/ is starting work. She 2) is going to work/will work for a large company in the city centre. By the end of next week, she 3) will be finishing/will have finished her training.
2. My parents have been married for almost thirty years. In fact, this time next month, they 1 ) will be celebrating/will have been celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary. They 2) will have been living/will be living in the same house for twenty-five years by next Thursday, and, by the time my father is sixty, he 3) will work/will have been working for the same company for forty years.
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Japanese Dishes
We think of Japan as a single island, but it actually is four large islands and thousands of smaller ones.
In the third century BC, Korea's already developed rice growing techniques were passed to the Japanese by a migrating tribe that settled in Japan. Rice came to be used for more than eating, including paper, fuel, wine, building materials and animal feed.
During the development of Japan, the Chinese contributed soy sauce, tea, chopsticks and imperial rule. Other influences arrived in Japan via Korea, including Buddhism, which, despite the pre-existing Shinto and Confucian religions, became the official religion in the sixth century. For the next 1200 years, meat was officially forbidden to the Japanese people,
Then in the sixteenth century the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch, came looking to corner the trade market with Japan. The westerners introduced fried foods; while the Japanese enjoyed this type of cooking, it was not something that evolved naturally. Tobacco, sugar and corn were also brought by the traders.
Around 1600 (and lasting until 1868), Japan's shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu feared the Europeans would spark great wars; so he closed the ports and expunged the foreigners. During this period of isolationism, Japan's culture became even more deeply rooted. The main religions of Buddhism and Shinto emphasize the seasons and this came to be reflected in the foods served. In fact, it is because of Buddhism that meals feature five flavors and colors, respectively being: sweet, spicy, salty, bitter and sour; and yellow, black, white, green, and red.
US Commodore Perry forced the Japanese to renew trade with the West in 1854, and soon a new Japanese ruling order took power. Interestingly, New Year's feast in 1872 designed to embrace the Western world; it was completely European in detail and for the first time in over a thousand years, the people publicly ate meat.
If we asked you to think of one Japanese food, what comes to your mind? Sushi, raw fish, tempura, tofu? Good.
With Japanese restaurants and Sushi bars popping all over the world these days, Japanese food is no longer considered as one of the world's unsolved mysteries it once was.
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In fact, more number of people are recognizing Japanese food as one of the world's healthiest cuisines. With rice and abundant marine products, the traditional Japanese diet is impressingly low in cholestrol, fat, and calories, and high in fiber. No wonder Japanese people have the highest longetivity rate.
Vocabulary:
migrating tribe
fuel
contribute
soy sauce
chopstick -
via
Buddhism
Shinto -
Confucian
forbid
Portuguese
Dutch -
to corner ()
trade market ',
evolve , ,
naturally
corn ,
shogun
Tokugawa Ieyasu ́
spark , ,
expunge
isolationism
rooted
sweet
spicy
salty
bitter
sour -
Commodore
to embrace ,
sushi c
raw fish
tempura ( , , )
tofu ( )
popping all over the world ,
unsolved
abundant , ,
marine
impressingly , ,
cholesterol
fiber
longetivity rate , ,
.
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Teenage pregnancy
Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenaged or underaged girl (usually within the ages of 1319) becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to women who have not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant.
Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as women in their 20s and 30s. However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under fifteen and those living in developing countries. For mothers between 15 and 19, age in itself is not a risk factor, but additional risks may be associated with socioeconomic factors.
Data supporting teenage pregnancy as a social issue in developed countries include lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty of teenage mothers. Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is usually outside of marriage, and carries a social stigma in many communities and cultures. For these reasons, there have been many studies and campaigns which attempt to uncover the causes and limit the numbers of teenage pregnancies. In other countries and cultures, particularly in the developing world, teenage pregnancy is usually within marriage and does not involve a social stigma. Among OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) developed countries, the United States and New Zealand have the highest level of teenage pregnancy, while Japan and South Korea have the lowest.
Vocabulary: teenage pregnancy -
underaged girl ,
to face c
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obstetrics
issue ,
socioeconomic factors - -
data ,
higher rate
social stigma ,
uncover
: (Sequence of tenses)
䳺- , 䳺- . ( ) .
. :
䳺- , 䳺- - , .
I think you are right.
Do you know why he was absent yesterday?
I'll tell you what you will have to do.
䳺- ( Past Indefinite), 䳺 , (Future in the Past). , :
I didn't know he could speak English. , .
He told me that you were writing your composition. ³ , .
I hoped he would come. , .
䳿, 䳺, , Past Indefinite Past Continuous ( ).
I thought you were ready. , .
He told me that he was preparing for his exams. ³ , .
䳿, 䳿, , Past Perfect ( ).
I didn't know she had gone away. , .
䳿 (in 2001, yesterday), Past Indefinite.
