Block 9.1
Grammar Reference
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, .
. .
: (Participle), (Gerund) (Infinitive).
:
Indefinite Tenses, Continuous Tenses, Perfect Tenses, Perfect Continues Tenses.
Indefinite , , , .
Continuous , , - . Continuous , (, , ).
Perfect , . Perfect , (, ).
Perfect Continuous , , , ( ). , .
, ; .
( , )
(), .
to be , (Participle II).
: is ask ed, he will be ask ed.
, , , .
- :
) .
: Heat was transformed into work.
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: .
) .
: The energy is dissipated in the iron in form of heat.
: .
) 3- - .
: A new device for measuring pressure is being designed now
: .
: The engineer was asked to test the device.
: .
( ), .
, .
: was told to bring the tools.
: .
, , (.. , ), , , , . , . - .
: Your invention was spoken of at the last meeting.
: .
: was sent for as he was the only one to help us.
: , , .
: This book is being looked through now.
: .
, by , .
: Your luggage will be looked after by somebody.
: - .
, , , , .
1. (), :
a. to be Present Subjunctive be :
I be we be
he,she, it be you be
they be
b. to have Present Subjunctive have :
I have, he have, she have, it have
c. Present Subjunctive {- s } 3- .
he speak
d. to be Past Subjunctive were :
I were, he were, she were, it were
2. (), should would could, might ; .
| Present Subjunctive | 
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| Past Subjunctive | 
| should would + Indefinite Infinitive |
| Perfect Subjunctive | 
| should would + Perfect Infinitive |
1. . Present Subjunctive Past Subjunctive , Perfect Subjunctive . .
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;
: Success attend you!
: !
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1. , it is necessary, it is important.
: It is necessary that one of the surfaces of a bearing be made of some material that has a low coefficient of friction.
: , , .
2. .
: They recommended that thorough laboratory tests should be conducted before the system is installed in the airplane
: , , .
3. that, so that; lest - .
: They gave him a list of instructions lest he should repeat the mistakes made in his previous work.
: , , .
4. as if, as though - .
: listens as if he were greatly interested in our conversation. : , .
5. though, although - (); even if, even though - ; wherever, matter where - ; wherever, no matter who - .
: Whatever the nature of the tube and the arrangement of the electrode be, an emitting electrode should be present.
: , .
6. .
2- :
1. , . should would + Infinitive, - Past Subjunctive.
.
: If the coil were wound on an iron frame and if there were a soft iron core in the centre, the field would be much stronger.
: , .
2. , . should would + Perfect Infinitive, - Perfect Subjunctive. , 1-.
: If we had come some minutes earlier we should have met the delegation at the plant.
: , .
: , , . .
: If light is cut off, the flow of electrons from the cathode ceases and the current is reduced to zero.
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: , .
if ; provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that) - , ; in case (that) ; supposing (that), suppose (that)- , , unless.
: I should not have been able to realise what a wonderful instrument it was if I had not seen it in action.
: , , .
: They would finish the work in time, provided they had had the necessary material.
: , ( ) .
: provided - ,
) provided - - Past Indefinite:
: We provided the expedition with all the necessary equipment.
: .
) provided - :
: The expedition provided with all the necessary equipment will start to - morrow.
: , , .
) provided - , .
, , .. ( ) . .
: Were molecules separated slightly the force between them would be attractive.
: , .
